Could psychedelics become an accepted treatment for mental health problems?
Magic mushrooms contain chemical compounds thought to work as a treatment for depression
Guy Kelly
16 MAY 2017 • 2:16PM
A few years ago, if you were to tell most people suffering from a serious mental health problem that their ills could be cured with a spot of Class A drugs, they might think you’ve, well, taken something.
Aided by a slew of recent scientific studies, however, the perception of many of many illegal substances – from LSD to ecstasy – as having no medicinal benefit is beginning to change.
Earlier this month, for instance, US researchers found that ketamine might reduce rates of depression.
In April, scientists at the University of Sussex and Imperial College, London, discovered what is believed to be the first concrete evidence for psychedelic drugs inducing a heightened state.
And at the beginning of the year, articles promoting the idea of 'microdosing' drugs such as LSD and magic mushrooms appeared all over the internet.
If the movement is surprising to some, for Amanda Feilding, Countess of Wemyss and March, it's all a case of I-told-you-so.
“I think we’re turning a corner, or have done in the last three or four years. I’ve always thought that the very best science can shine a telescope on how these things have their effect and work wonders. It’s still a very new area, but people are finally paying it the attention it deserves,” she says.
For the past half a century, she has given her life over to the research and ultimately promotion of psychedelic substances as beneficial therapeutic aids.
There’ve been ups and downs, but recent times have brought long overdue success.
Last summer, Feiding, together with scientists at Imperial College,
organised a clinical trial in which a dozen volunteers with previously incurable depression were induced into psychedelic trips using psilocybin, a hallucinogenic compound found in magic mushrooms.
Impressively, results showed that 67% of participants were free of depression one week after treatment, and 42% remained so at the three-month mark.
"People used to say I was mad"
We meet at the headquarters of the Beckley Foundation, a research charity she set up 18 years ago to help fund and legitimise her work.
Its offices exist in a converted cowshed within the grounds of Beckley Park, a vast Tudor Hunting Lodge on the verge of a fen in Oxfordshire.
Feilding, 73, whose family descend from the House of Habsburg, grew up in the property and still lives there with her husband, Jamie Charteris, 13th Earl of Wemyss and 9th Earl of March (from whom she took her title when the couple married in 1995).
Beckley Park is encased on three sides by moats, its mile-long driveway piercing a thickness of meadows and woodland.
Cut off from the outside world, it’s here where, as the youngest of four siblings at home in the 1950s, Feilding first experienced the transformative power of the human brain.
“I was very isolated in these grounds,” she says, gesturing to the view from a large, ornate window.
“We had no heating, so I would spend my time mooching around the garden feeling quite lonely, and one thought a lot about oneself a lot. Every child has mystical experiences with nature, but perhaps I had more. It was a state I loved: losing my identity.”
Feilding at home during the 1960s
Introduced to eastern religions by her godfather, Bertie Moore, who became a celebrated Buddhist monk, Feilding left school at 16 with little or no qualifications, choosing instead to travel.
For three years she explored the Middle East and India – including three weeks spent alone with a nomadic Yemeni tribe – and returned intermittently to receive private tutoring in Islam and comparative religions from Oxford professors.
During this time, studying in Oxford in 1960, Feilding was introduced to drugs.
“There was a group of older undergraduates who had been in the Korean War, and in their university lodgings they gave me a smoke of cannabis,” she says. “I remember it vividly – Ray Charles was playing, and I heard the music so deeply that I felt moved.”
Feilding became an on-off cannabis user, yet only became interested in the power of psychedelics when friends introduced her to LSD in 1965.
A year later she met Bart Huges, a Dutch scientist who taught her about the science behind her experiences, triggering what would become a lifelong fascination.
“Before I met Bart I’d been thinking about the art and beauty of drugs, but once he’d explained the mysteries of altered consciousness I was captivated. Finding out more was all I wanted to do.”
Amanda Feilding, Countess of Wemyss and March
Despite her wishes to formally research psychedelics, Feilding’s research was almost immediately stunted by a worldwide crackdown on drugs, led by the USA in the early 1970s, which rendered it near-impossible for even scientists to access mind-altering substances.
Undeterred, she pressed on with her own, often controversial, writings and analyses of drugs and consciousness over the next 25 years.
One, in 1970, gained particular notoriety.
With her then partner, Joe Mellen (with whom she went on to have two sons, Rock and Cosmo), Feilding explored the power of trepanation, an ancient practice involving the drilling of a burr hole through the skull in order to improve cerebral circulation,
doing so herself for a bizarre, bloody short film.
The story has followed her around since, giving rise to dismissals from academics that she is merely an eccentric aristocrat.
Feilding admits the film looked “ghoulish”, but still believes further research into trepanation has the potential to reveal its benefits for Alzheimer’s and dementia sufferers.
The war on drugs is a waste of time, Feilding believes
After years of independent research, the advent of MRI scans in the late 1990s gave Feilding a chance to substantiate her theories about psychedelics with medical evidence.
Through The Beckley Foundation, which works in partnership with various senior figures in science and is supported by four or five staff, Feilding has spent the last two decades working tirelessly to change the perception of drugs around the world, from advising international governments to commissioning ground-breaking studies.
Feilding’s breakthrough study last year gives credence to the idea that, when administered in a safe, controlled environment, drugs previously thought a menace to society could be used for emphatic good.
In fact, she believes things like LSD, magic mushrooms and MDMA may have the power to cause “awakenings” in the brain that could make, mental illnesses including depression, anxiety, PTSD, OCD and even degenerative brain diseases all potentially treatable.
Yet while the medical community are now largely on side, and ‘microdosing’ is becoming more widely known, lawmakers remain steadfast.
“The ‘war on drugs’ is a completely false battle. Sensible drugs policies should help people, not punish them, meaning we should move towards a system of regulation and education rather than outlawing everything,” says Feilding, who is not in favour of total decriminalisation but believes many substances need to be downgraded to allow for medical experimentation.
“At the moment a psilocybin dose costs £1500 because providers have to clear so many hoops to deliver it. That needs to change.”
(Skarekrow - about 40 or 50 $$s on the street for a good portion)
Feilding has few hopes for the May government’s hardline stance, but will continue to work 15-hour days from Beckley Park for as long as it takes.
She has recently
launched a crowdfunding campaign to raise money for the world's first study on LSD 'microdosing' –taking minute doses of LSD to enhance cognition, increase creativity and alleviate depression.
After half a century of often fruitless research, people are finally beginning to accept her theories.
“I get a lot of people coming up to me now and say, ‘Gosh, Amanda, I used to think you were mad! Now I can see you were right all along…’
“That can be frustrating, but I think if society had a more open and realistic attitude to drugs, we’d all be happier,” Feilding says, cheerfully.
“As I say, we’re at a turning point now and have a chance to make real progress, but there’s lots more work to be done.”