For some background, I think it's important to see where my approach to these issues is coming from. I'll try to be concise. Essentially my father was abusive and violent and left when I was around 4/5 (I don't know really). I experienced some of this abuse and the terror that it generated. My mother certainly did. However, she was so afraid that I would grow up to be just like my father, that she raised me practically as a potential abuser. Simultaneously as the most precious thing in the world and the almost literal 'source' of its evil. I grew up, therefore, having experienced the abuse first hand as a little boy - knowing what it felt like - and being
absolutely terrified of myself; terrified of what I might do; terrified that there was some 'evil' within me that was only contained by the saintly instruction of my mother. Any aggression or temper that I might show she would square up to me and hypercharge the situation, almost daring me to 'show my true colours'. And of course, any time I did something good, courageous, caring, thoughtful or whatever, it was simply a reflection on
her and not me - the 'compliment' was 'oh, I've raised you well *big smile*'.
So this is the message: 'you are naturally evil, only made into something good by my upbringing'. Imagine experiencing abuse at the hands of an awful, uncontrolled tyrant,
but also feeling and fearing that
you are him.
Now, some people are going to be pissed off that I'll raise the category of gender here, but I think it's relevant. Women with an abusive parent - victims - aren't generally raised to believe that they are the perpetrators
too. They might have an occasional reflection after a bit of temper and wonder 'maybe I get that from him', but they don't generally come to internalise the overwhelming fear of their own power should they ever lose 'control' of it. Society will reinforce this, too: men are perps, women victims.
It's takes a long time to finally let your guard down and realise 'oh, phew, I'm not him. I'm not a nutcase' and then actually be able to experience your 'natural self' (and to ignore what your mother says). However, in times of self-doubt, it can come rushing back, as happened to me a few days ago when I came across this idea of 'White Knight Narcissism'. It was plausible, and not only that
would confirm my worst fears. When I say 'worst fears', I don't want to describe how visceral the feeling is, but needless to say it's deep. The idea that I might be capable of causing harm to a woman or a child fills me with absolute, inexpressible dread. So tell me that everything I believed I was is some kind of a lie (WKN) and all of this baggage is unearthed.
The 'intellectualisation' is more a function of that kind of self-doubting process than something my rational faculties, and only my rational faculties, are engaged in.
Now... approaching this from a more objective place...
Interesting. So, in your view, where does real compassion come from? What does it feel like? Am I supposed to just act out of detached moral obligation or is it normal to feel good about doing the right thing?
'Acting in detatched moral obligation' is exactly Kant's solution. To him the only 'truly' moral compulsion was 'duty', because only then could you be sure that you're not inadvertently 'gaining' from the act somehow.
The other problem is that your 'feelings' about moral situations aren't generated from some kind of natural 'moral instinct', but from the collection of evolutionary adaptations we refer to as 'altruism'. There's a lot of crossover between altruistic instincts and 'morality', for sure, but it's not 100%.
We already mentioned the 'natural victim' problem above, where we're simply hardwired to be more sympathetic to small vulnerable people than we are to big scary people, no matter who's 'really' right or in the need of the most support. This is because, historically, keeping women and children alive benefited the tribe much more than keeping men alive. Women are simply much more valuable than men in evolutionary terms, and that shit is hardwired into our brains.
There's the case of the scientist George Price, who helped discover the biological bases for altruism, and particularly the fact that we are more kind and caring to people that look like us, and less so towards people that don't, because as phenotypical difference increases, it's likely that genetic distance increases, too. 'Altruism' is just genes trying to propagate copies of themselves. You look like me? We have facial symmetry? We're going to be kinder to each other for that reason - my kindness to you is simply the recognition that you might share some of my genes, and it would be good
for them if I was (gene-centred view of selection). Price was eventually so horrified by this that he took extreme measures to try to be philanthropic to people that were
very different from himself, on one occasion taking a black homeless man into his home a scaring his wife and children. Price tortured himself over the idea that he simply
felt more compassion for his wife and his family than he did for these strangers. His worldview collapsed; he had proven to himself that altruism and human kindness were simply romanticisations of brutal, selfish, selective mechanisms. Finally, unable to bear it any more, he committed suicide by cutting through his carotid artery with a pair of scissors.
In other words, 'instinct' simply cannot be relied upon as any sort of guide, otherwise we'd see things happen like... white-majority countries freaking out when something like wildfires affects another white-majority country, and yet not really giving a fuck when yet another civil war, epidemic orfamine tears through central Africa. Wait...
So for me, the
intellectual reflex to consider the 'principles' in tandem with the 'instinct' - to hold the instinct to account and treat it with mistrust - is the
only way that
any sort of truly moral action can be accomplished. Otherwise we're simply obeying our programming and floating through life without any real sort of directiveness.
EDIT: If anybody is interested in this stuff, and can get hold of
All Watched Over By Machines of Loving Grace, then I can't recommend it enough. One of the best things I've ever seen - absolutely mindblowing at the time. Actually, Anything by Adam Curtis is going to blow your mind.