Re: #139
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Poor Johnny, always dragged into the hypotheticals.Sure, I can give elaborating a go.
Let's say Johnny is an ENTP programmer who one day decides that he wants to deal with the stuff that he's been repressing in his unconscious. He goes to see a psychoanalyst and they begin the process of analysis. As he's lounging in his plush divan, Johnny talks about himself while the psychoanalyst is listening and subtly guiding him with his questions. After a number of sessions, certain patterns begin to emerge about Johnny's unconscious. They manifest in certain slips of the tongue, seemingly nonsensical asides and detours, mood shifts at the mention of certain words or events, etc. Over time, Johnny gets to have a clearer grasp of the content he's been repressing. He can begin to 'face his shadow'.
In this thought experiment, it's clear that Johnny is facing a certain quantity of repressed content. This content could include, for instance, resentment towards his father for humiliating him in front of his friends when he was 6. The unconscious content is allowed to come to the surface of consciousness. As he works towards facing what happened and acknowledging it, he works towards integrating his shadow. But so far this has nothing to do with learning to reckon with the use of the shadow functions. It has purely to do with content, not functions (in this regard, cf. the function/content fallacy). Johnny seeks to make the formerly repressed content a part of himself, so as to attain psychical quietude. This may, of course, require confronting his father about what happened. But whatever he undertakes to do to integrate the repressed content is undertaken in a conscious fashion. It is not undertaken by means of the shadow functions.
So how do the shadow functions hypothetically manifest themselves? We would have to assume that when the analyst asks Johnny questions and eventually succeeds (with the full involvement of Johnny himself) in laying bare the unconscious content he's been repressing, that unconscious content is expressed through the shadow functions. In other words, when Johnny uncovers the unconscious content by means of slips of the tongue, asides and meandering detours, mood shifts, etc., he does so in the register of a shadow INTJ. In other words, the unconscious content that Johnny has been repressing has a substance of its own, almost like an independent existence, and it is structured cognitively through the shadow stack: Ni-Te-Fi-Se.
So there are not one, but two kinds of 'uncovering' happening during the analysis: the uncovering of raw content (the repressed thoughts); and the uncovering of the personality articulating cognitively the raw content (the INTJ shadow).
I accept the first as more or less uncontroversial. People, including Johnny, do have unconscious repressed thoughts, and analysis can help to bring them to the surface of consciousness. It is notoriously difficult to make full sense of the complexity, structure and depth of those thoughts, sometimes to make sense of them full stop (which includes telling them apart from conscious thoughts). Hence why analysis, as a process, usually takes at least 5 years.
But if it is already very difficult to make sense of the content of the repressed thoughts, how much more difficult it must be to elucidate a full-blown personality, with associated cognitive function-stack, articulating those thoughts! Elucidating such a personality, like shadow INTJ, presupposes an already very well-structured constellation of thought-content. But we have already just seen that the said constellation of thought-content is elusive, messy, mushy... like all repressed content must be. It seems to me somewhat arbitrary to say, on the basis of uncertain premises, that the conclusion is "certainly INTJ". I struggle to see how an articulate shadow-personality could be inferred from inchoate, messy, loosely structured thought-content.
Which brings us back to this idea of differentiation: the more thought-content is undifferentiated, as in the unconscious domain, the more undifferentiated the personality articulating the thoughts must be. But the category: "INTJ shadow" is the opposite of undifferentiated. It is precise and cognitively well-structured. Now, perhaps the unconscious thought-content of an ENTP really is structured by means of an INTJ shadow personality. I am only claiming that I cannot see enough empirical evidence of this. And on this basis, I take the position with reserve and caution. Maybe Jung was such a spectacularly intuitive psychoanalyst that he was able to derive differentiated structure from undifferentiated thought-content. Maybe. I can't say for certain that he is right or wrong, because, as a non-spectacularly intuitive analyst, I lack the empirical basis to make an informed judgement on the matter.
@Ren per your video on the shadow, I agree it is the content and not the cognitive functions that is what we must examine and reconcile with in whatever personal ways.
I think people get confused, as you mentioned. Cognitive functions themselves are sort of just loose labels of psychological mechanisms.
I do wonder though, if generally speaking people with similar types really do have such similar struggles. Some struggle with certain pieces more or for longer than others as well perhaps.
As you said, it's just very difficult to pinpoint elements of the unconscious.
Poor Johnny, always dragged into the hypotheticals.
That's an interesting question, Wy. I have been thinking about this as well.
I collected some further thoughts yesterday in a 25' long video, which I haven't published yet. I might share it today. I warn you though, for some reason I look annoyed af at certain points lmao
There are two separate issues in this thread - what Jung actually said, what he meant by it; and what each of us actually think is the correct model of the human psyche. There two issues seem to be getting awfully tangled up in the way the discussion is taking place, but that's both inevitable, and it's fun .I truly hope this makes more sense now that I've outlined my viewpoints on the subject. Again, these aren't completely Jungian, but only stem from Jungian theory moving towards my own internal framework. This is my sad attempt at trying to explain what I've come to utilize as my own system of recognizing these behaviors in others.
These are profound questions. It seems to me that we supress into our shadow so much that brings us shame, but I think the shadow is bigger than that: it contains our suppressed response to fear and trauma for example, and for people who are consciously and deliberately evil, it will contain their suppressed good side.The better questions are: Where is your shame found? What can you do about it?
I read through it, John. I appreciate your insights. I agree that the content is what is integral, but I can admit that I may have appeared to note structure over substance, which was not my intention. I fully agree that there is a possibility that the structure could be completely arbitrary, and that the shadow is just a vessel to house those things which we have 'locked' away. I just think there is equal possibility that there exists similar form in the shadow as we surmise is in the ego. I tend to like continuity, so it's a natural way to carry this structure over to other parts of the psyche regardless if they aren't as accessible.I posted this in response to @Ren 's video but it should probably have been posted here:
https://www.infjs.com/threads/the-anteroom.34881/page-294#post-1357426
In Ren's video, he refers to 'slips of the tongue' revealing those repressed parts of ourselves which we've only brought to the conscious state through a particular circumstance that hits us 'out of the blue'. I agree, and it's what I have said is the gut/visceral reaction that causes someone to utter, "I don't know what came over me. I shouldn't have said that/done that. I must have been 'out of my mind'." Of course, what they really mean is that they must have been 'out of their ego'. haha.
I can admit that it is convenient that one could observe another person, note their 'slips of the tongue', and then applying the similar structure as the ego, determine the placement of where and why those 'slips of the tongue' occur. This is not to say that it would be prudent to focus merely on the structure, and say, "Oh, well, I have Fi critical parent in my shadow, so that's why I'm so amoral; it cannot be helped." Or similar, "Oh, you also have Fi critical parent? We relate on having an inner critical voice, which consistently questions our moral compass and identity! Let's form a club!" I'm noting the irony of saying this in a forum constructed on the very premise of individuals who share the same functions of the ego, doing that very thing as they interface. haha.
@Anomaly I like what you are saying. It's really very limiting to look only at MBTI without its context within Jung's overall psychology, and it's refreshing to have discussions that go into that territory. I can't help feeling that the development of the 16-fold MBTI model actually renders it in one or two ways an awkward fit within his wider psychology model. That's because Jung himself doesn't seem to differentiate between the extraverted and introverted forms of the functions as distinct, but as the same function taking on the colouration that comes from the quite independent orientations of I or E. I don't think he conceived of the less preferred functions as having a preferred orientation for each of us, because they are not that distinct and differentiated. Let me make it clear that I'm talking about what I understand about Jung - rather than whether you or I actually agree with it.
Where do I stand myself? All scientific theory is based on modeling - intellectual constructs that parallel the real world, and can predict and explain it within their bounds of validity. No scientific theory / model covers all of reality and they all have boundaries beyond which they become inaccurate. Being only human, it's easy to take the predictive accuracy of a model as proof that it's premises are reality, but this is very misleading - it's easy to see this in the great theories of physics. So with Jungian psychology, it has given a good set of tools for understanding in part the way that human psyches work, but it's a model not the reality.
A digression, ren, but are you familiar with Julian Jayne's stance on consciousness? That it requires language and thus was not something humans inherently had?Exactly. This is a point Lacan made. Now, he took this to be evidence that the unconscious was 'structured like a language' (a very influential position in psychoanalysis since Lacan). I think what he meant was that if an unconscious thought-content is capable of being expressed by means of a slip of the tongue, that is, in language, then it must stand in an internal structural relation to the language we speak in everyday, conscious experience. It may not itself be a language, but it is structured like one. Otherwise, it would be untranslatable into what we notice, for instance, as slips of the tongue. It's quite a profound insight.
I left a comment on your recent You Tube video regarding this, so in hopes not to entirely repeat myself, I'll just say that I can appreciate Lacan's viewpoints. I have looked into the link you provided as well, so I appreciate it, Ren. I think I would say that I side more with Lacan than Jung, regarding my own personal stance and internal framework. Though, I deeply value some of Jung's insights, and influence.Exactly. This is a point Lacan made. Now, he took this to be evidence that the unconscious was 'structured like a language' (a very influential position in psychoanalysis since Lacan). I think what he meant was that if an unconscious thought-content is capable of being expressed by means of a slip of the tongue, that is, in language, then it must stand in an internal structural relation to the language we speak in everyday, conscious experience. It may not itself be a language, but it is structured like one. Otherwise, it would be untranslatable into what we notice, for instance, as slips of the tongue. It's quite a profound insight.
The short entry on Lacan in the Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy is quite good. He is a penetrating, if sometimes wildly speculative, analyst. In some circles, his concept of the unconscious has been more influential than that of Jung, so he is also an interesting contextual counterpoint.
(And I'm not saying this because he's French. : p)
Well, of course you know that Fi is wholly different to Fe.An observation I would be tempted to make here, again just as a counterpoint for further discussion, is that there must in principle be a clear difference between how Fi critical parent and Fe critical parent are manifested. Do we have enough data of unconscious thought-content, with regard to any given individual, to accurately pinpoint the difference in practice? I myself cannot say that I'm sure about that. An example would be illuminating, Lore.
I very much applaud the way you differentiate between emotion and the feeling function. It seems to be a common error that people confuse the two. In fact there is a lot of apparent F about but all too often it’s shadow or inferior and even when someone uses it a lot, if involuntary emotion is driving it then it cannot be primary or secondary. Genuine primary or secondary F is a judging function that is in full control and is used consciously and deliberately. It may well actually conflict with and override the emotion of the person concerned in the same way that T can more obviously transcend a thinker’s emotions.Well, of course you know that Fi is wholly different to Fe.
I agree that emotions are separate from cognitive functions, and a separate 'structure' weaving and winding within the framework itself. Affecting changes and creating nuances, but not connected entirely.I very much applaud the way you differentiate between emotion and the feeling function. It seems to be a common error that people confuse the two. In fact there is a lot of apparent F about but all too often it’s shadow or inferior and even when someone uses it a lot, if involuntary emotion is driving it then it cannot be primary or secondary. Genuine primary or secondary F is a judging function that is in full control and is used consciously and deliberately. It may well actually conflict with and override the emotion of the person concerned in the same way that T can more obviously transcend a thinker’s emotions.
Where I diverge from what you said is that I hold I v E orientation to be orthogonal to the functions. There is only F, and this is bound up with human values. The same values have a different significance to us though when either introjected or projected, and so the imperative ranking in importance we give them is going to be very different across this boundary. This can create the illusion of two different functions but I think this is like the difference between magnetic and electric forces - they seem to be very different but on deeper exploration turn out to be manifestations of the same basic force of nature.
I really must return the compliment, because you raise issues that get me thinking and crystalising stuff out. I fear I sometimes sound a bit too definite in the way I express myself, by the way - but virtually everything i come out with is a rumination rather than a dogmatic thing. It's just a pain in the backside, and fogs the meaning, to keep adding conditionals to everything lol.John, I am grateful for your insights, and the way you expound upon those things, which (at times) seem to be difficult for me to articulate. I have already learned from you, and I'm sure that will only continue.
John, I think we are similar in that drive to find the truth. I can see that you are a life-long learner, and being such, it requires flexibility as new things are constantly coming into focus. I enjoy the process very much. I think you do too, and I'm grateful to glean from you while I can. It doesn't bother me that you consistently question, refine, and re-state. I'm glad that I could help you to settle on some things as you mull them over. I've enjoyed our discussions here.@Anomaly that's a great visualisation. In fact just blending a couple of the thoughts we were discussing, a good analogy would be if each rod was a bar magnet with the N and S poles concentrated in the coloured balls at each end. There's a big difference between them, but they are part of the same magnet.
I really must return the compliment, because you raise issues that get me thinking and crystalising stuff out. I fear I sometimes sound a bit too definite in the way I express myself, by the way - but virtually everything i come out with is a rumination rather than a dogmatic thing. It's just a pain in the backside, and fogs the meaning, to keep adding conditionals to everything lol.
I've had a bit of a campaign going about how F is misunderstood for a while now - I kicked off a thread about Fe a couple of years ago which is lying about somewhere. There are a lot of misconceptions because as a preferred function, it's voluntary rather than something driven by emotion - in fact a good F user will actully generate the relevant emotions at will to a great extent, and override their involuntary ones in given circumstances. Nor in its Fe form is it simply a Harmony function - a competent bully could be an Fe maestro, using it to great and damaging effect.
Well, of course you know that Fi is wholly different to Fe.
Fi being an internal system of categorized judgements that are sorted into 'valued'/'not valued', 'moral'/'amoral', 'better'/'worse'. Each of these judgements existing in levels of importance (with deeper core values which are unwavering and stubborn). These value judgements are often confused with emotions, but are actually concerning things like individual authenticity, logic, justice, identity, or consistency. It is self-referencing ("What would I do if I were in their shoes? What should they do based on what I would do?").
Fe being an external set of values, behaving 'appropriately' considering the external societal constructs/norms/environment
("There is a time and a place for this behavior"). The focus is on what people want or need, what is appropriate given the other's hierarchy/social status, what is appropriate for the environment. Fe users view people, circumstances, and events in relation to their impact on each one, highly attuned to how others are influenced by them (especially how powerful Fe manipulation can be if aware).
Continuously making assessments based on their observations of people, interactions, pre-existing knowledge (could be stemming from Ni/Ne pattern recognition of things which are interconnected and observed/gathered through Se/Si input), understanding how people work, and then building an external framework in order to improve interactions with others.
(I only outlined these differences to distinguish between the two prior to looking at the critical manifestations of Fe, not because I think you don't already know these things).
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With this in mind, it is easy to see how one could emulate those critical aspects of Fe, in that they would call into question those morals/values of others in favor of their Fi parent values to remain authentic to themselves (being seen as the 'right' way/course). It would come out in saying things like, "Why must you always worry about others? Don't your values matter? Do you even know what your values are? Why are you such a people pleaser? Don't you even know yourself? Stop trying to make me conform to the group, I am not them and they are not me! You cannot control me, and make me do what you want me to do, or believe what you want me to believe. I am my own person!" They become critical of others' use of Fe, and can be critical of their own use of Fe, picking up on those things which weren't considered 'acceptable'. These expressions are often externalized in negativity and can be seen as judgements being cast, criticisms, or complaining about other people's conformity to norms or values of the group, instead of their own individual values.
I hope some of these examples help with the difference of how they might be manifested, and give evidence to some semblance of a 'structure' within the unconscious when it is made conscious, if that is in fact the case. I think there is plenty of observable evidence to suggest that there is at least a discernable pattern, if not a structure. What do you think?
Hm, I understand what you mean, Ren. I think I'm trying to make sense of whether these manifestations could still be formed from the unconcious and subsequently move to the conscious side of that function.This makes perfect sense, Lore. Thank you for providing me with this outline of the contrast between Fi/Fe and Fi/Fe critical parent.
I think this also usefully spotlights the 'problem', as I see it. Consider the part of your quote that I have highlighted. Could it really be argued that someone could be saying these things unconsciously? It seems to me that, when someone says those things, they are very much conscious of what they are doing. They might, of course, not be in their usual mood. But it is not as if they would be able to unconsciously structure thoughts and sentences like that.
A good indication that they are conscious of what they are doing is that, if the criticised interlocutor were to challenge them on the spot, it would be absurd for them to respond: "What are you talking about? I never said any such thing!" -- as they would non-absurdly if, in fact, their thought process has been unconscious.
On the face of it, there is a way around this issue. After all, it is perfectly possible for an INFJ to make conscious use of Ne, Fi, Te, and so on. But when the use of these functions is conscious (as when an INFJ working in an administration of some kind has to make use of Si and Te a fair bit) they are not yet manifested as their 'critical' side. In other words, it seems to me that the 'critical' side is only manifested at an unconscious level. But as I have tried to suggest above, at an unconscious level, the person is not able to formulate thoughts and sentences as coherently and clearly as in your example. The consequence is that functions such as 'critical parent' should never come to the surface of everyday, normal conversation. When that happens, the function use is conscious, and therefore not in the 'critical parent' mode.
This is the paradox as I see it currently.