so predictable....I never called you a liar, and I am tired of you inferring that I am as ignorant as an eighth grader.
done
You said i had a 'callous disregard for history' and that i had a 'myopic view'
Lying is a broad area (the following is curtesy of wikipedia):
To
lie is to deliver a false statement to another person which the speaking person knows is not the whole truth, intentionally.
[h=2]Classification[/h] [h=3]Bad faith[/h] Main article:
Bad faith (existentialism)
As defined by
Sartre, "bad faith" is
lying to oneself. Specifically, it is failing to acknowledge one's own ability to act and determine one's possibilities, falling back on the determinations of the various historical and current totalisations which have produced one as if they relieved one of one's freedom to do so.
[h=3]Barefaced lie[/h] A barefaced (or bald-faced) lie is one that is obviously a lie to those hearing it. The phrase comes from 17th-century British usage referring to those without facial hair as being seen as acting in an unconcealed or open way. A variation that has been in use almost as long is
bold-faced lie, referring to a lie told with a straight and confident face (hence "bold-faced"), usually with the corresponding tone of voice and emphatic body language of one confidently speaking the truth.
Bold-faced lie can also refer to misleading or inaccurate newspaper headlines, but this usage appears to be a more recent appropriation of the term.[SUP]
[1][/SUP]
[h=3]Big Lie[/h] Main article:
Big Lie
A lie which attempts to trick the victim into believing something major which will likely be contradicted by some information the victim already possesses, or by their common sense. When the lie is of sufficient magnitude it may succeed, due to the victim's reluctance to believe that an untruth on such a grand scale would indeed be concocted.
[h=3]Bluffing[/h] To bluff is to pretend to have a capability or intention one does not actually possess. Bluffing is an act of deception that is rarely seen as immoral when it takes place in the context of a game, such as
poker, where this kind of deception is consented to in advance by the players. For instance, a
gambler who deceives other players into thinking he has different cards to those he really holds, or an athlete who hints he will move left and then dodges right is not considered to be lying (also known as a
feint or juke). In these situations, deception is acceptable and is commonly expected as a tactic.
[h=3]Bullshit[/h] Main article:
Bullshit
Bullshit does not necessarily have to be a complete fabrication; with only basic knowledge about a topic, bullshit is often used to make the audience believe that one knows far more about the topic by feigning total certainty or making probable predictions. It may also merely be "filler" or nonsense that, by virtue of its style or wording, gives the impression that it actually means something.
[h=3]Butler lie[/h] A term coined by researchers in
Cornell University's Social Media Lab that describes small/innate lies which are usually sent electronically, and are used to terminate conversations or to
save face. For example sending an SMS to someone reading "I have to go, the waiter is here" when you are not at a restaurant is an example of a butler lie.[SUP]
[2][/SUP]
[h=3]Contextual lie[/h] One can state part of the truth out of context, knowing that without complete information, it gives a false impression. Likewise, one can actually state accurate facts, yet deceive with them. To say "Yeah, that's right, I ate
all the white chocolate, by myself," utilizing a
sarcasm that is a form of assertion by ridiculing the fact(s) implying the liar believes it to be preposterous.
[h=3]Economy with the truth[/h] Main article:
Economy with the truth
Economy with the truth is popularly used as a
euphemism for deceit, whether by volunteering false information (i.e., lying) or by deliberately holding back relevant facts. More literally, it describes a careful use of facts so as not to reveal too much information, as in
speaking carefully.
[h=3]Emergency lie[/h] An emergency lie is a strategic lie told when the truth may not be told because, for example, harm to a third party would result. For example, a neighbor might lie to an enraged husband about the whereabouts of his wife, who he believes has been unfaithful, because said husband might reasonably be expected to inflict physical injury should he encounter his wife in person. Alternatively, an emergency lie could denote a (temporary) lie told to a second person because of the presence of a third.
[h=3]Exaggeration[/h] Main article:
Exaggeration
An exaggeration (or hyperbole) occurs when the most fundamental aspects of a statement are true, but only to a certain degree. It is also seen as "stretching the truth" or making something appear more powerful, meaningful, or real than it actually is.
[h=3]Fabrication[/h] A fabrication is a lie told when someone submits a statement as truth, without knowing for certain whether or not it actually
is true.[SUP][
citation needed][/SUP] Although the statement may be possible or plausible, it is not based on fact. Rather, it is something made up, or it is a misrepresentation of the truth. Examples of fabrication: A person giving directions to a tourist when the person doesn't actually know the directions. Often
propaganda is fabrication.
[h=3]Fib[/h] A fib is a lie told with no malicious intent and little consequence. Unlike a
white lie, fibs rarely include those lies or omissions that are meant to do good.
[h=3]Half-truth[/h] Main article:
Half-truth
A half-truth is a
deceptive statement that includes some element of
truth. The statement might be partly true, the statement may be totally true but only part of the whole truth, or it may utilize some deceptive element, such as improper
punctuation, or double meaning, especially if the intent is to deceive,
evade,
blame or misrepresent the truth.[SUP]
[3][/SUP]
[h=3]Haystack answer[/h] A haystack answer (or statement) is a volume of false or irrelevant information, possibly containing a true fact (the needle in the "haystack"). Even if the truth is included, it is difficult or impossible to detect and identify. In this way, the legendary Leprechaun hid his pot of gold,[SUP]
[4][/SUP] even after it had been found.
[h=3]Honest lie[/h] Main article:
Honest lie
An honest lie (or confabulation) is characterized by verbal statements or actions that inaccurately describe history, background, and present situations. There is typically no intent to deceive and the individual is unaware that their information is false.
[h=3]Jocose lie[/h] Jocose (cf.
jocular) lies are lies meant in jest, intended to be understood as such by all present parties. Teasing and
irony are examples. A more elaborate instance is seen in some
storytelling traditions, where the humor comes from the storyteller's insistence that the story is the absolute truth, despite all evidence to the contrary (i.e.,
tall tale). There is debate about whether these are "real" lies, and different philosophers hold different views (see below).
The
Crick Crack Club in London organize a yearly "Grand Lying Contest" with the winner being awarded the coveted "Hodja Cup" (named for the Mulla
Nasreddin:
"The truth is something I have never spoken."). The winner in 2010 was
Hugh Lupton. In the USA, the
Burlington Liars' Club awards an annual title to the "World Champion Liar".
[h=3]Lie-to-children[/h] Main article:
Lie-to-children
A lie-to-children is a lie, often a
platitude, which may use
euphemism(s), which is told to make an adult subject acceptable to children. Common examples include "The
stork brought you" (in reference to childbirth) and the existence of
Santa Claus, the
Tooth Fairy or the
Easter Bunny.
[h=3]Lying by omission[/h] Also known as a continuing misrepresentation, a lie by omission occurs when an important fact is left out in order to foster a misconception. Lying by omission includes failures to correct pre-existing misconceptions. When the seller of a car declares it has been serviced regularly but does not tell that a fault was reported at the last service, the seller lies by omission. It can be compared to
dissimulation.
[h=3]Lying in trade[/h] The seller of a product or service may advertise untrue facts about the product or service in order to gain sales, especially by competitive advantage. Many countries and states have enacted
consumer protection laws intended to combat such fraud. An example is the
Illinois Consumer Fraud and Deceptive Business Practices Act that holds a seller liable for omission of any material fact that the buyer relies upon.
[h=3]Lying through your teeth[/h] When one lies face-to-face with the intended recipient. This also may be an expression describing the act of lying with a smile or other patronizing tone or body language.
[h=3]Minimisation[/h] Main article:
Minimisation (psychology)
Minimisation is the opposite of exaggeration. It is a type of
deception[SUP]
[5][/SUP] involving
denial coupled with
rationalisation in situations where complete denial is implausible.
[h=3]Misleading and dissembling[/h] Main article:
Misleading
A misleading statement is one where there is no outright lie, but still retains the purpose of getting someone to believe in an untruth. "Dissembling" likewise describes the presentation of facts in a way that is literally true, but intentionally misleading.
[h=3]Noble lie[/h] Main article:
Noble lie
A noble lie is one that would normally cause discord if uncovered, but offers some benefit to the liar and assists in an orderly society, therefore, potentially beneficial to others. It is often told to maintain law, order and safety.
[h=3]Perjury[/h] Main article:
Perjury
Perjury is the act of lying or making verifiably false statements on a material matter under oath or affirmation in a
court of law, or in any of various sworn statements in writing. Perjury is a
crime, because the witness has sworn to tell the truth and, for the credibility of the court to remain intact, witness testimony must be relied on as truthful.
[h=3]Polite lie[/h] Main article:
Polite lie
A polite lie is a lie that a
politeness standard requires, and which is usually known to be untrue by both parties. Whether such lies are acceptable is heavily dependent on culture. A common polite lie in international etiquette is to decline invitations because of "scheduling difficulties."
[h=3]Puffery[/h] Main article:
Puffery
Puffery is an exaggerated claim typically found in advertising and publicity announcements, such as "the highest quality at the lowest price," or "always votes in the best interest of all the people." Such statements are unlikely to be true - but cannot be proven false and so do not violate trade laws, especially as the consumer is expected to be able to tell that it is not the absolute truth.
[h=3]View from Nowhere[/h] Main article:
View from Nowhere
The View from Nowhere refers to journalism and analysis that misinform the audience by creating the impression that opposing parties to an issue have equal correctness and validity, even when the truth of their claims are mutually exclusive.
[h=3]White lie[/h] "White lie" redirects here. For other uses, see
White lies (disambiguation).
White lies are minor lies which could be considered to be harmless, or even beneficial, in the long term. White lies are also considered to be used for greater good. A common version of a white lie is to tell only part of the truth, therefore not be suspected of lying, yet also conceal something else, to avoid awkward questions. White lies are also often used to shield someone from a hurtful or emotionally damaging truth, especially when not knowing the truth is completely harmless.