My daughter tells me, "Mom you actually were a really great mom. I was just a demon child." On that basis, I'll offer what I consider my "basics" of discipline:
Make rules that are reasonable, communicate them clearly, and give consistant consequences along with explanations.
Everything else is negotiable, whether its spanking or time out or taking away the X-box.
1. Reasonable rules: Make sure you teach kids socially acceptable behavior kindness, but make sure your rules are appropriate for your child's particular age and unique personality. It is not reasonable to expect a 3 year old to sit still for a half hour. A child might have unique needs that warrant accomodation: sensitivity, learning disability, etc. My daughter hated it that I didn't always have the same rules for her autistic brother, and my response was simply, "He has different rules because he IS different than you. You are a little social butterfly but your brother doesn't know how to be friendly. I expect more because you can do more."
2. Communicate them effectively: Try to make a few concrete rules rather than laying down a principle. Kids don't understand "Love your neighbor as yourself." Kids will understand things like "Hands to yourself. No mean words. Don't hurt people, animals, or things." Make sure you communicate on their level. A four year old can't read "Put away the toys" but can understand a picture of toys in the toy box. A lot of "to do's" are more easily remembered and obeyed by kids if they are part of a routine, like, "Bed time routine: bubble bath, have a snack, brush teeth, put on PJ's, read a story, go to bed."
3. Consistant consequences with explanations. If you watch TV shows like nanny 911, about 3/4 of the problems fall here. The worst possible thing you can do is threaten a consequence and then not follow through. Inconsistant enforcement actually teaches kids that they can probably get away with it. Inconsistancy sends a message to your kid, "I don't REALLY care about this." Kids are artists at figuring exactly where our "line is" and they will push right up to that line. You want to choose your battles, but once you've decided "No X" then fight to the finish. If you don't, the tail will wag the dog. It is also very important to get down face to face, eyeball to eyeball, with your kid and make sure they understand why they are being disciplined. Parents who discipline but don't explain why end up with kids who think bad consequences are random and unrelated to their behavior.
A note on spanking: Kids are not offended by violence where good punishes bad. Cartoons where a hero beats up the bad guy are actually very comforting to kids -- it tells them a sense of fairness exists and they can depend on the strong protecting the weak. I personally have no trouble with spanking as a form of discipline, but I do think there are boundaries:
a. Spanking should give pain, but not cause damage. If there are welts or bruises, it's no longer spanking, it's abuse.
b. Spanking exists to give a negative consequence for a behavior. It is NOT a way for parents to express anger. If your anger is out of control, that is probably NOT a good time to spank.
c. Make sure that you kids get way more hugs than spankings. It's really more efficient to reward good behavior than punish bad behavior.
d. Consider the individuality of your child. Does spanking WORK? If not, then stop and find what DOES work.
My dad always gave me the choice, spanking or a half hour time out in my room. The idea of spending a half hour away from the family was AWFUL to me. I'd spend the whole half hour ruminating about how "Dad is mad at me." But with a spanking, five seconds and it's over, we hug, and everything is back to love. I chose spanking EVERY TIME I could.
I've heard that the rule of thumb if you choose time out is 1 minute per year old. So if I was 8 years old, an appropriate time out for me would have been 8 minutes, not a half hour.