I knew there was a reason I liked to garden!
Can’t say I’m super surprised…
@Kgal @vandyke


Antidepressant Microbes In Soil:
How Dirt Makes You Happy



garden-soil-400x266.jpg
Image by

By Bonnie L. Grant

Prozac may not be the only way to get rid of your serious blues.
Soil microbes have been found to have similar effects on the brain and are without side effects and chemical dependency potential.

Learn how to harness the natural antidepressant in soil and make yourself happier and healthier.
Read on to see how dirt makes you happy.

Natural remedies have been around for untold centuries.
These natural remedies included cures for almost any physical ailment as well as mental and emotional afflictions.

Ancient healers may not have known why something worked but simply that it did.
Modern scientists have unraveled the why of many medicinal plants and practices but only recently are they finding remedies that were previously unknown and yet, still a part of the natural life cycle.

Soil microbes and human health now have a positive link which has been studied and found to be verifiable.

Soil Microbes and Human Health

Did you know that there’s a natural antidepressant in soil?
It’s true. Mycobacterium vaccae is the substance under study and has indeed been found to mirror the effect on neurons that drugs like Prozac provide.

The bacterium is found in soil and may stimulate serotonin production, which makes you relaxed and happier.
Studies were conducted on cancer patients and they reported a better quality of life and less stress.

Lack of serotonin has been linked to depression, anxiety, obsessive compulsive disorder and bipolar problems.
The bacterium appears to be a natural antidepressant in soil and has no adverse health effects.

These antidepressant microbes in soil may be as easy to use as just playing in the dirt.
Most avid gardeners will tell you that their landscape is their “happy place” and the actual physical act of gardening is a stress reducer and mood lifter.

The fact that there is some science behind it adds additional credibility to these garden addicts’ claims.
The presence of a soil bacteria antidepressant is not a surprise to many of us who have experienced the phenomenon ourselves.

Backing it up with science is fascinating, but not shocking, to the happy gardener.
Mycrobacterium antidepressant microbes in soil are also being investigated for improving cognitive function, Crohn’s disease and even rheumatoid arthritis.

How Dirt Makes You Happy

Antidepressant microbes in soil cause cytokine levels to rise, which results in the production of higher levels of serotonin.
The bacterium was tested both by injection and ingestion on rats and the results were increased cognitive ability, lower stress and better concentration to tasks than a control group.

Gardeners inhale the bacteria, have topical contact with it and get it into their bloodstreams when there is a cut or other pathway for infection.
The natural effects of the soil bacteria antidepressant can be felt for up to 3 weeks if the experiments with rats are any indication.

So get out and play in the dirt and improve your mood and your life.



Watch this video about how gardening makes you happy:



Digging in the dirt has always made me happy! :D :hippie:

One of the things they used to do for the people living in the state mental institution was gardening and working with animals. When I toured one of these facilities in east texas the man giving the tour told us the patients used to be able to garden, clean, and cook the vegetables, fish in the big fish pond, and care for animals like horses, cats, and dogs. Now that they can't do that anymore - he said the patients are not as happy and it takes much longer for people to get "well".
 
I’m thinking if anything we can use the Boomers like this -

"it's people....soylent green is people....You gotta tell them! .."

It would be very cost efficient!!! Hahahaha!

I'm sure that's what the elites would love to do right now.

Man....did that movie ever scare the shit out of me. I could totally see that happening back when it came out.
 
Digging in the dirt has always made me happy! :D :hippie:

One of the things they used to do for the people living in the state mental institution was gardening and working with animals. When I toured one of these facilities in east texas the man giving the tour told us the patients used to be able to garden, clean, and cook the vegetables, fish in the big fish pond, and care for animals like horses, cats, and dogs. Now that they can't do that anymore - he said the patients are not as happy and it takes much longer for people to get "well".
You know…speaking of people trying to get better…an interesting study was done which followed children whom were breastfed, and those who used formula…surprise, surprise…those who were breastfed were like 75% (I’ll find you the actual number if you like) less likely to become a felon…hmmmm?
Same type thing…there is a whole generation that was formula fed because their yuppy parents were to busy too be real parents…and now we have the world record for incarcerated individuals.
*sigh*
How did it all just become about the bottom line and where did the humanity go?
Is it coming back?
I feel like the whole thing must be torn down sometimes.
 
@vandyke


I wanted to respect the fact that you want to close your thread.
But no on said I couldn’t write anything on my own…haha.

I love you man…just deal with…you are a good person and if you cannot see that right now then you need to tell that to your Doctor.

What do you want? Is the big question...

DO you want to wallow in self-pity? Try to be honest about it…I can say that there have been times in a lot of people’s lives when they have done such a thing…it’s only human nature….we are built it to find that love, and acceptance, and if we are really lucky you know someone that understands you.

You telling me that your thread is closed won’t stop me being your friend or try to help you or offer you support if I can.
It isn’t ME that old wounds are triggered in…I hope you don’t think so.

By recounting my own struggles I was hoping you would see your own pathway becoming more clear to you.
I woke up with my ear all plugged and in pain…like it fucking hurt…I just had to laugh like a fucking manic…because it cracked me up…of all the times to give me another thing that hurts…hahahaha. Still makes me laugh.

It’s absurd…there are just absurd things in this life and absurd things that life puts you through.
Sometimes it knocks you down really hard, and it takes a while to get back up again.
Sometimes it can even hurt you pretty badly and it takes time for wounds to heal.

The important thing is to find that part of yourself that is saying “Fuck you life…I will beat you.”
And if you can’t find the fight…then try to find that part that says “We need to try.”
And if all else fails find that voice that says “We need help."

What you do in your day to day is not ready clear Peter…there is still much I don’t know about you…but, what you have here is a tool I NEVER had at 19 when I felt like I was a mistake in the world…that I had nothing to offer to anyone…the despair and loneliness without any outlet.
You have made MANY friends on this forum…many of whom are INFJs though I’m sure many other types can empathize too…what you have here are people who can understand you far better than some…use this.

I feel like shit this morning…I slept on the couch…but I am happy for the fact that the sun will rise in a few minutes…the sun will always rise so long as I alive…the world goes on around us and it’s so hard to get out of our own heads sometimes…life has a nasty habit of throwing you off balance…or even just intimidating a person with the expectations of the world.
I can tell you honestly, that those expectations are your own.

Once you realize that you have control over your own destiny, then you will see the glimmer of light in your darkness.
There is so much you have not done and experienced…and I’m not much older than you, but I can say that in the last 8 years it’s been a roller coaster that I refuse to get off.
You just have to throw your arms up and scream for those scary parts…because sitting in the car scared to see the next turn will not allow you to enjoy the ride.
You have to learn that….that is hard to do…it takes daily thought and affirmation…but it’s possible.

Listen, set small goals for yourself…my goal in the next 6 months in to get well enough to at least hold a part time job and try to be more productive again.
Not because we are drowning in debt (though, get this…since I was employed by the hospital I worked for they also insured me…those last two months where I was really hurting and needed to see the Doctors to try to stop things before they got out of hand with my back --- those employers have sent the medical bills that I no longer have the money to pay because they fired my strictly for being absent too much ---they have sent my medical bills to a collector who tried to fucking take me to court!!! Can you believe the fucking gall of that?? The nerve…after I gave them five committed years and so many hours and late night trying to save dying people!!)

I’m a little angry at them still….I always had exemplary employee reviews…to even be considered to train on the Open Heart Team…you have to be not only super-knowledgable about surgery in general and be able to react to ANY problem without thinking about it…the whole surgery, if it goes correctly is a big choreographed dance that one must learn the dance moves too….I never counted the steps but let me just say…most lasted over 4 hours…generally 5-6…sometimes we would have one a day at which point we would go to the main surgery suites upstairs and help with whatever surgeries they needed us for.
Anyhow, I was saying…there were about 8 trays full of instruments…I have some pictures somewhere of all the heart surgery instruments all set up before hand.
We are expected to know this dance AND know the specific for the different Doctors who would come…we mostly worked with one main surgeon but there were 3 other Docs that we would see on call time…let me just say…my call time consisted of half the month…so for half the month they can keep me late (all the time) they can call you at any hour between 330 when you would get off and 7am - and they did!
You know…there is a point to this…I worked for like the last 10 years to be 1 of 4 out of 80 or so people who could first assist an Open Heart and do it well.
I can and have done brain surgeries for days man…broken bones…those are fun to fix (unless it’s a damn elbow…those are always a pain to fix)…I have delivered babies…once I had to run across the the street when I lived in CA because the tech who was supposed to come in on emergency call had a car failure….the cord was wrapped around the babies neck and it was in distress…the woman needed an emergency C-section…the others nurses had basically opened the trays and literally dumped all of them on the sterile field…it was a mess, but I put on my sterile gown and gloves and hopping in there because a baby was dying and because it was my job as well (though I didn’t work in maternity).
The baby was fine…the Mother was fine…it was scary, I will admit that…when they said run across the street I just about swallowed a brick…I had very little experience with maternity matters…but I just had to do what I had to do…because if I hadn’t, then who knows?

My two points I am getting at…okay maybe three….a shitload of stuff has happened in that period of time…I got really good at my job…the surgeons requested me frequently which always make one feel good. I probably helped save countless lives that I really have no clue about what or who they really are…some people come in with some many broken limbs and damaged organs, or brain…and you wonder if they will even live…many have ended up being a big surprise.
But there are those who cannot be saved…and I have done chest compressions on so many folks I cannot even give you an estimate….I stood there while they died, or while we frantically tried to save them, being a witness to that I think counts for something too.

So when I lost my job…I know I lost a huge part of what I considered my identity…for so many years I had worked toward being the best I could and I fucking made it!
Then I lost it all.
Depression…then when I finally started on my road back to feeling normal…that crap with my medication causing my heart to only beat 30 times a minute came along…then I started to get better and the insurance wants me to change pain meds (actually they didn’t even give the Doctors any notice…they just had a bunch of patients calling them saying they couldn’t refill their prescriptions) and that has really been rough…so waking up with an earache made me laugh…I just had to…I’m sure my immune system isn’t the best right now…when you combine stress and those couple of hits to the body I took, no wonder my sinuses attacked me…haha.

Listen, we don’t have to talk about my issues, or your issues at all anymore if that is what you wish…I would just hate to see someone so bright and kind and talented just give up because YOU don't feel worthy somehow…it’s a skewed viewpoint when you are depressed man…it isn’t reality.

I had no idea that I would be here right now, where I am in life all those years ago when I was 19…if I had known, I KNOW I would not have hurt myself.
Like I said before - So much has happened…so much I would have missed…the memories I have made…the love I have cultivated…THAT LOVE is what has remained while the rest of my life fell to shit…it was that love that pulled me through.
Just because certain parts of your life have not come to fruition yet, only means you have not grown those…they are like plants my friend…you decide what YOU want to plant the seeds of…then you wait…sometimes we wait a long time before we see the seedling beginning to sprout…and that is when they are most vulnerable…when YOU are most vulnerable…no doubt that people will come along that will make you think twice about your decisions - fuck them.
They don’t know you from the next guy…do your own thing…those expectation are only your own Peter.

You can be anything or everything…the choice is yours.
Much love,
Michael
 
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[MENTION=5601]vandyke[/MENTION]

One more thing…I posted this song once on your thread….please ponder the words.


Besides this is a kick ass video!

[video=youtube;7uMGH3kHhzM]https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=7uMGH3kHhzM[/video]


"Enjoy The Ride"

They shut the gates at sunset
After that you can't get out
You can see the bigger picture
Find out what it's all about
You're open to the skyline
You won't want to go back home
In a garden full of angels
You will never be alone

But oh the road is long
The stones that you are walking on
Have gone

With the moonlight to guide you
Feel the joy of being alive
The day that you stop running
Is the day that you arrive


And the night that you got locked in
Was the time to decide
Stop chasing shadows
Just enjoy the ride

If you close the door to your house
Don't let anybody in
It's a room that's full of nothing
All that underneath your skin
Face against the window
You can watch it fade to grey
But you'll never catch the fickle wind
If you choose to stay

But oh the road is long
The stones that you are walking on
Have gone

With the moonlight to guide you
Feel the joy of being alive
The day that you stop running
Is the day that you arrive

And the night that you got locked in
Was the time to decide
Stop chasing shadows
Just enjoy the ride

Stop chasing shadows
Just enjoy the ride

With the moonlight to guide you
Feel the joy of being alive
The day that you stop running
Is the day that you arrive

And the night that you got locked in
Was the time to decide
Stop chasing shadows
Just enjoy the ride

With the moonlight to guide you
Feel the joy of being alive
The day that you stop running
Is the day that you arrive

And the night that you got locked in
Was the time to decide
Stop chasing shadows
Just enjoy the ride

Stop chasing shadows
Just enjoy the ride

Stop chasing shadows
Just enjoy the ride

Stop chasing shadows
Just enjoy the ride

Stop chasing shadows
Just enjoy the ride


 
11017199_859484867430420_9021260454726866707_n.jpg
 
You know…speaking of people trying to get better…an interesting study was done which followed children whom were breastfed, and those who used formula…surprise, surprise…those who were breastfed were like 75% (I’ll find you the actual number if you like) less likely to become a felon…hmmmm?
Same type thing…there is a whole generation that was formula fed because their yuppy parents were to busy too be real parents…and now we have the world record for incarcerated individuals.
*sigh*
How did it all just become about the bottom line and where did the humanity go?
Is it coming back?
I feel like the whole thing must be torn down sometimes.

It all goes back to when we became "civilized" and began our attempts to "harness" Nature instead of living in harmony with it. If you read the book "Guns Germs and Steel" you can see how agrarian societies began the separation of man from nature. As we attempted to control nature to ensure our survival we set up hierarchies and then we gave our own power away to that hierarchy.
 
Two quantum properties teleported together for first time


double-teleport-1.jpg


The values of two inherent properties of one photon — its spin and its orbital angular momentum — have been transferred via quantum teleportation onto another photon for the first time by physicists in China.

Previous experiments have managed to teleport a single property, but scaling that up to two properties proved to be a difficult task, which has only now been achieved.

The team's work is a crucial step forward in improving our understanding of the fundamentals of quantum mechanics and the result could also play an important role in the development of quantum communications and quantum computers.

Alice and Bob

Quantum teleportation first appeared in the early 1990s after four researchers, including Charles Bennett of IBM in New York, developed a basic quantum teleportation protocol.

To successfully teleport a quantum state, you must make a precise initial measurement of a system, transmit the measurement information to a receiving destination and then reconstruct a perfect copy of the original state.

The "no-cloning" theorem of quantum mechanics dictates that it is impossible to make a perfect copy of a quantum particle.
But researchers found a way around this via teleportation, which allows a flawless copy of a property of a particle to be made.

This occurs thanks to what is ultimately a complete transfer (rather than an actual copy) of the property onto another particle such that the first particle loses all of the properties that are teleported.

The protocol has an observer, Alice, send information about an unknown quantum state (or property) to another observer, Bob, via the exchange of classical information.

Both Alice and Bob are first given one half of an additional pair of entangled particles that act as the "quantum channel" via which the teleportation will ultimately take place.

Alice would then interact the unknown quantum state with her half of the entangled particle, measure the combined quantum state and send the result through a classical channel to Bob.

The act of the measurement itself alters the state of Bob's half of the entangled pair and this, combined with the result of Alice's measurement, allows Bob to reconstruct the unknown quantum state.

The first experimentation teleportation of the spin (or polarization) of a photon took place in 1997.
Since then, the states of atomic spins, coherent light fields, nuclear spins and trapped ions have all been teleported.

But any quantum particle has more than one given state or property — they possess various "degrees of freedom", many of which are related.
Even the simple photon has various properties such as frequency, momentum, spin and orbital angular momentum (OAM), which are inherently linked.

More than one


Teleporting more than one state simultaneously is essential to fully describe a quantum particle and achieving this would be a tentative step towards teleporting something larger than a quantum particle, which could be very useful in the exchange of quantum information.

Now, Chaoyang Lu and Jian-Wei Pan, along with colleagues at the University of Science and Technology of China in Hefei, have taken the first step in simultaneously teleporting multiple properties of a single photon.

In the experiment, the team teleports the composite quantum states of a single photon encoded in both its spin and OAM.
To transfer the two properties requires not only an extra entangled set of particles (the quantum channel), but a "hyper-entangled" set — where the two particles are simultaneously entangled in both their spin and their OAM.

The researchers shine a strong ultraviolet pulsed laser on three nonlinear crystals to generate three entangled pairs of photons — one pair is hyper-entangled and is used as the "quantum channel", a second entangled pair is used to carry out an intermediate "non-destructive" measurement, while the third pair is used to prepare the two-property state of a single photon that will eventually be teleported.




The image above represents Pan's double-teleportation protocol — A is the single photon whose spin and OAM will eventually be teleported to C (one half of the hyper-entangled quantum channel).

This occurs via the other particle in the channel — B. As B and C are hyper-entangled, we know that their spin and OAM are strongly correlated, but we do not actually know what their values are — i.e. whether they are horizontally, vertically or orthogonally polarized.

So to actually transfer A's polarization and OAM onto C, the researchers make a "comparative measurements" (referred to as CM-P and CM-OAM in the image) with B. In other words, instead of revealing B's properties, they detect how A's polarization and OAM differ from B.

If the difference is zero, we can tell that A and B have the same polarization or OAM, and since B and C are correlated, that C now has the same properties that A had before the comparison measurement.

On the other hand, if the comparative measurement showed that A's polarization as compared with B differed by 90° (i.e. A and B are orthogonally polarized), then we would rotate C's field by 90° with respect to that of A to make a perfect transfer once more.

Simply put, making two comparative measurements, followed by a well-defined rotation of the still-unknown polarization or OAM, would allow us to teleport A's properties to C.

Perfect protocol

One of the most challenging steps for the researchers was to link together the two comparative measurements.
Referring to the "joint measurements" box in the image above, we begin with the comparative measurement of A and B's polarization (CM-P).

From here, either one of three scenarios can take place — one photon travels along path 1 to the middle box (labelled "non-destructive photon-number measurement"); no photons enter the middle box along path 1; or two single photons enter the middle box along path 1.

The middle box itself contains the second set of entangled photons mentioned previously (not shown in figure) and one of these two entangled photons is jointly measured with the incoming photons from path 1.

But the researcher's condition is that if either no photons or two photons enter the middle box via path 1, then the measurement would fail.
Indeed, what the middle box ultimately shows is that exactly one photon existed in path 1, and so exactly one photon existed in path 2, given that two photons (A and B) entered CM-P.

To show that indeed one photon existed in path two required the third and final set of entangled photons in the CP-OAM box (not shown), where the OAM's of A and B undergo a comparative measurement.

The measurements ultimately result in the transfer or teleportation of A's properties onto C — although it may require rotating C's (as yet unknown) polarization and OAM depending on the outcomes of the comparative measurements, but the researchers did not actually implement the rotations in their current experiment.

The team's work has been published in the journal Nature this week.
Pan tellsphysicsworld.com that the team verified that "the teleportation works for both spin-orbit product state and hybrid entangled state, achieving an overall fidelity that well exceeds the classical limit".

He says that these "methods can, in principle, be generalized to more [properties], for instance, involving the photon's momentum, time and frequency".


Verification verdicts


Physicist Wolfgang Tittel from the University of Calgary, who was not involved in the current work (but wrote an accompanying "News and Views" article in Nature) explains that the team verified that the teleportation had indeed occurred by measuring the properties of C after the teleportation.

"Of course, the no-cloning theorem does not allow them to do this perfectly. But it is possible to repeat the teleportation of the properties of photon A, prepared every time in the same way, many times. Making measurements on photon C (one per repetition) allows reconstructing its properties." He points out that although the rotations were not ultimately implemented by the researchers, they found that "the properties of C differed from those of A almost exactly by the amount predicted by the outcomes of the comparative measurements. They repeated this large number of measurements for different preparations of A, always finding the properties of C close to those expected. This suffices to claim quantum teleportation".

While it is technically possible to extend Pan's method to teleport more than two properties simultaneously, this is increasingly difficult because the probability of a successful comparative measurement decreases with each added property. "I think with the scheme demonstrated by [the researchers], the limit is three properties. But this does not mean that other approaches, either other schemes based on photons, or approaches using other particles (e.g. trapped ions), can't do better," says Tittel.

Pan says that to teleport three properties, their scheme "needs the experimental ability to control 10 photons.
So far, our record is eight photon entanglement.

We are currently working on two parallel lines to get more photon entanglement."
Indeed, he says that the team's next goal is to experimentally create "the largest hyper-entangled state so far: a six-photon 18-qubit Schrödinger cat state, entangled in three degrees-of-freedom, polarization, orbital angular momentum, and spatial mode. To do this would provide us with an advanced platform for quantum communication and computation protocols".

The work is published in Nature.


 
The human being has to become what he thinks himself to be. —Rudolf Steiner

Does that mean I can be a half-puppy half-dragon if I think I'm one?
 
Does that mean I can be a half-puppy half-dragon if I think I'm one?
If you wish hard enough and jump off a high bridge you will transform.
Just make sure you wish hard enough.
 
Two quantum properties teleported together for first time


double-teleport-1.jpg


The values of two inherent properties of one photon – its spin and its orbital angular momentum – have been transferred via quantum teleportation onto another photon for the first time by physicists in China.

Previous experiments have managed to teleport a single property, but scaling that up to two properties proved to be a difficult task, which has only now been achieved.

The team's work is a crucial step forward in improving our understanding of the fundamentals of quantum mechanics and the result could also play an important role in the development of quantum communications and quantum computers.

Alice and Bob

Quantum teleportation first appeared in the early 1990s after four researchers, including Charles Bennett of IBM in New York, developed a basic quantum teleportation protocol.

To successfully teleport a quantum state, you must make a precise initial measurement of a system, transmit the measurement information to a receiving destination and then reconstruct a perfect copy of the original state.

The "no-cloning" theorem of quantum mechanics dictates that it is impossible to make a perfect copy of a quantum particle.
But researchers found a way around this via teleportation, which allows a flawless copy of a property of a particle to be made.

This occurs thanks to what is ultimately a complete transfer (rather than an actual copy) of the property onto another particle such that the first particle loses all of the properties that are teleported.

The protocol has an observer, Alice, send information about an unknown quantum state (or property) to another observer, Bob, via the exchange of classical information.

Both Alice and Bob are first given one half of an additional pair of entangled particles that act as the "quantum channel" via which the teleportation will ultimately take place.

Alice would then interact the unknown quantum state with her half of the entangled particle, measure the combined quantum state and send the result through a classical channel to Bob.

The act of the measurement itself alters the state of Bob's half of the entangled pair and this, combined with the result of Alice's measurement, allows Bob to reconstruct the unknown quantum state.

The first experimentation teleportation of the spin (or polarization) of a photon took place in 1997.
Since then, the states of atomic spins, coherent light fields, nuclear spins and trapped ions have all been teleported.

But any quantum particle has more than one given state or property – they possess various "degrees of freedom", many of which are related.
Even the simple photon has various properties such as frequency, momentum, spin and orbital angular momentum (OAM), which are inherently linked.

More than one


Teleporting more than one state simultaneously is essential to fully describe a quantum particle and achieving this would be a tentative step towards teleporting something larger than a quantum particle, which could be very useful in the exchange of quantum information.

Now, Chaoyang Lu and Jian-Wei Pan, along with colleagues at the University of Science and Technology of China in Hefei, have taken the first step in simultaneously teleporting multiple properties of a single photon.

In the experiment, the team teleports the composite quantum states of a single photon encoded in both its spin and OAM.
To transfer the two properties requires not only an extra entangled set of particles (the quantum channel), but a "hyper-entangled" set – where the two particles are simultaneously entangled in both their spin and their OAM.

The researchers shine a strong ultraviolet pulsed laser on three nonlinear crystals to generate three entangled pairs of photons – one pair is hyper-entangled and is used as the "quantum channel", a second entangled pair is used to carry out an intermediate "non-destructive" measurement, while the third pair is used to prepare the two-property state of a single photon that will eventually be teleported.




The image above represents Pan's double-teleportation protocol – A is the single photon whose spin and OAM will eventually be teleported to C (one half of the hyper-entangled quantum channel).

This occurs via the other particle in the channel – B. As B and C are hyper-entangled, we know that their spin and OAM are strongly correlated, but we do not actually know what their values are – i.e. whether they are horizontally, vertically or orthogonally polarized.

So to actually transfer A's polarization and OAM onto C, the researchers make a "comparative measurements" (referred to as CM-P and CM-OAM in the image) with B. In other words, instead of revealing B's properties, they detect how A's polarization and OAM differ from B.

If the difference is zero, we can tell that A and B have the same polarization or OAM, and since B and C are correlated, that C now has the same properties that A had before the comparison measurement.

On the other hand, if the comparative measurement showed that A's polarization as compared with B differed by 90° (i.e. A and B are orthogonally polarized), then we would rotate C's field by 90° with respect to that of A to make a perfect transfer once more.

Simply put, making two comparative measurements, followed by a well-defined rotation of the still-unknown polarization or OAM, would allow us to teleport A's properties to C.

Perfect protocol

One of the most challenging steps for the researchers was to link together the two comparative measurements.
Referring to the "joint measurements" box in the image above, we begin with the comparative measurement of A and B's polarization (CM-P).

From here, either one of three scenarios can take place – one photon travels along path 1 to the middle box (labelled "non-destructive photon-number measurement"); no photons enter the middle box along path 1; or two single photons enter the middle box along path 1.

The middle box itself contains the second set of entangled photons mentioned previously (not shown in figure) and one of these two entangled photons is jointly measured with the incoming photons from path 1.

But the researcher's condition is that if either no photons or two photons enter the middle box via path 1, then the measurement would fail.
Indeed, what the middle box ultimately shows is that exactly one photon existed in path 1, and so exactly one photon existed in path 2, given that two photons (A and B) entered CM-P.

To show that indeed one photon existed in path two required the third and final set of entangled photons in the CP-OAM box (not shown), where the OAM's of A and B undergo a comparative measurement.

The measurements ultimately result in the transfer or teleportation of A's properties onto C – although it may require rotating C's (as yet unknown) polarization and OAM depending on the outcomes of the comparative measurements, but the researchers did not actually implement the rotations in their current experiment.

The team's work has been published in the journal Nature this week.
Pan tellsphysicsworld.com that the team verified that "the teleportation works for both spin-orbit product state and hybrid entangled state, achieving an overall fidelity that well exceeds the classical limit".

He says that these "methods can, in principle, be generalized to more [properties], for instance, involving the photon's momentum, time and frequency".


Verification verdicts


Physicist Wolfgang Tittel from the University of Calgary, who was not involved in the current work (but wrote an accompanying "News and Views" article in Nature) explains that the team verified that the teleportation had indeed occurred by measuring the properties of C after the teleportation.

"Of course, the no-cloning theorem does not allow them to do this perfectly. But it is possible to repeat the teleportation of the properties of photon A, prepared every time in the same way, many times. Making measurements on photon C (one per repetition) allows reconstructing its properties." He points out that although the rotations were not ultimately implemented by the researchers, they found that "the properties of C differed from those of A almost exactly by the amount predicted by the outcomes of the comparative measurements. They repeated this large number of measurements for different preparations of A, always finding the properties of C close to those expected. This suffices to claim quantum teleportation".

While it is technically possible to extend Pan's method to teleport more than two properties simultaneously, this is increasingly difficult because the probability of a successful comparative measurement decreases with each added property. "I think with the scheme demonstrated by [the researchers], the limit is three properties. But this does not mean that other approaches, either other schemes based on photons, or approaches using other particles (e.g. trapped ions), can't do better," says Tittel.

Pan says that to teleport three properties, their scheme "needs the experimental ability to control 10 photons.
So far, our record is eight photon entanglement.

We are currently working on two parallel lines to get more photon entanglement."
Indeed, he says that the team's next goal is to experimentally create "the largest hyper-entangled state so far: a six-photon 18-qubit Schrödinger cat state, entangled in three degrees-of-freedom, polarization, orbital angular momentum, and spatial mode. To do this would provide us with an advanced platform for quantum communication and computation protocols".

The work is published in Nature.



''Corresponding relativities and paradoxes were discovered in the domain of the psyche. Here, too, another world dawned on the margin of the world of consciousness, governed by new and hitherto unknown laws that are strangely akin to the laws of nuclear physics. The parallelism between nuclear physics and the psychology of the collective unconscious was often the subject of discussion between Jung and Wolfgang Pauli, the Nobel prizewinner in physics. The space-time continuum of physics and the collective unconscious can be seen, so to speak, as the outer and inner aspects of one and the same reality behind appearances'' - Aniela Jaffe (1964)
 
This is pretty cool! [MENTION=6917]sprinkles[/MENTION]

NASA successfully tests engine that uses no fuel, violates the laws of physics


7bc543c50986bd9c478c12b01dc23a70.jpg



Very quietly, NASA has tested a space drive that does not use propellant and according to the laws of physics should not work, according to a Thursday story in Wired.UK.
The problem is that the drive, called the “Cannae Drive” by its inventor Guiddo Fetta, did work in the NASA directed test.

If the efficacy of the drive is confirmed, the implications for space travel are profound.
It seems that another technology from Star Trek may be about to become reality.

The Cannae Drive is apparently based on the work of a British scientist named Roger Shawyer called the EMDrive.
It is said to work by bouncing microwaves in an enclosed chamber and thus creating thrust.

Despite having built a number of demonstration models, Shawyer has not been able to get anyone interested in his device.
Critics reject his relativity explanation for how it works and point out that it violates the conservation of motion.

However it appears that the Chinese quietly tested their own version of the EMDrive up to about 72 grams of thrust, enough to be a satellite thruster.
The test was not widely reported in the West, possibly because few if any people believed it was possible.

That seems to have changed thanks of the test of the Cannae Drive.

The Cannae Drive seems to have been developed independently of the EmDrive, though it seems to have a similar mechanism.

The NASA test, which was presented at the 50th Joint Propulsion Conference in Cleveland, Ohio, showed that the Cannae drive was able to produce a thrust of less than one thousandth of the Chinese model.
Nevertheless it constitutes a third test of a working propellant-less engine.

What are the physics behind these devices?
NASA’s explanation follows:


"Test results indicate that the RF resonant cavity thruster design, which is unique as an electric propulsion device, is producing a force that is not attributable to any classical electromagnetic phenomenon and therefore is potentially demonstrating an interaction with the quantum vacuum virtual plasma."

In other words, no one knows for sure.
Wired speculates that the process involves “pushing against the ghostly cloud of particles and anti-particles that are constantly popping into being and disappearing again in empty space.” But finding out for sure and determining whether this kind of drive can be scaled up to something that can propel a spacecraft will be the work of some years.

But what if it does work and can be scaled up?
Much of the weight of a spacecraft, whether it is propelled by a chemical rocket, an ion thruster, or nuclear thermal engines consists of fuel.

If something like the EMDrive or the Cannae Drive becomes practical, larger spacecraft can be launched into space without the added weight of fuel and because the thrust is low but constant, like an ion rocket, trip times throughout the Solar System suddenly become weeks instead of months.

This is not the warp drive from Star Trek (a different project at NASA.) It does look a lot like impulse power that propelled the USS Enterprise when the warp engines were down. It would be enough to open the solar system for exploration and eventual colonization.
 
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This is pretty cool! [MENTION=6917]sprinkles[/MENTION]

NASA successfully tests engine that uses no fuel, violates the laws of physics


7bc543c50986bd9c478c12b01dc23a70.jpg



Very quietly, NASA has tested a space drive that does not use propellant and according to the laws of physics should not work, according to a Thursday story in Wired.UK.
The problem is that the drive, called the “Cannae Drive” by its inventor Guiddo Fetta, did work in the NASA directed test.

If the efficacy of the drive is confirmed, the implications for space travel are profound.
It seems that another technology from Star Trek may be about to become reality.

The Cannae Drive is apparently based on the work of a British scientist named Roger Shawyer called the EMDrive.
It is said to work by bouncing microwaves in an enclosed chamber and thus creating thrust.

Despite having built a number of demonstration models, Shawyer has not been able to get anyone interested in his device.
Critics reject his relativity explanation for how it works and point out that it violates the conservation of motion.

However it appears that the Chinese quietly tested their own version of the EMDrive up to about 72 grams of thrust, enough to be a satellite thruster.
The test was not widely reported in the West, possibly because few if any people believed it was possible.

That seems to have changed thanks of the test of the Cannae Drive.

The Cannae Drive seems to have been developed independently of the EmDrive, though it seems to have a similar mechanism.

The NASA test, which was presented at the 50th Joint Propulsion Conference in Cleveland, Ohio, showed that the Cannae drive was able to produce a thrust of less than one thousandth of the Chinese model.
Nevertheless it constitutes a third test of a working propellant-less engine.

What are the physics behind these devices?
NASA’s explanation follows:


"Test results indicate that the RF resonant cavity thruster design, which is unique as an electric propulsion device, is producing a force that is not attributable to any classical electromagnetic phenomenon and therefore is potentially demonstrating an interaction with the quantum vacuum virtual plasma."

In other words, no one knows for sure.
Wired speculates that the process involves “pushing against the ghostly cloud of particles and anti-particles that are constantly popping into being and disappearing again in empty space.” But finding out for sure and determining whether this kind of drive can be scaled up to something that can propel a spacecraft will be the work of some years.

But what if it does work and can be scaled up?
Much of the weight of a spacecraft, whether it is propelled by a chemical rocket, an ion thruster, or nuclear thermal engines consists of fuel.

If something like the EMDrive or the Cannae Drive becomes practical, larger spacecraft can be launched into space without the added weight of fuel and because the thrust is low but constant, like an ion rocket, trip times throughout the Solar System suddenly become weeks instead of months.

This is not the warp drive from Star Trek (a different project at NASA.) It does look a lot like impulse power that propelled the USS Enterprise when the warp engines were down. It would be enough to open the solar system for exploration and eventual colonization.

Sounds pretty neat but if we don't know how it works then we don't actually know that it defies physics (or that it is propellantless)

The fact that it requires a magnetron and resonant cavity means it requires energy from an external source.

For all we know it could be like a quantum worm in spacetime. A worm moves forward by stretching and compressing parts of itself and this doesn't use propellant and doesn't violate conservation of momentum. The worm is only pushing against the ground to move basically though but if it could push against space itself, or particles which live in space, it could move in space too without violating anything.

Basically it only looks weird because most of the picture is missing.
 
Sounds pretty neat but if we don't know how it works then we don't actually know that it defies physics (or that it is propellantless)

The fact that it requires a magnetron and resonant cavity means it requires energy from an external source.

For all we know it could be like a quantum worm in spacetime. A worm moves forward by stretching and compressing parts of itself and this doesn't use propellant and doesn't violate conservation of momentum. The worm is only pushing against the ground to move basically though but if it could push against space itself, or particles which live in space, it could move in space too without violating anything.

Basically it only looks weird because most of the picture is missing.

I find the fact that most of the picture is missing to be fantastic!
It’s the missing pieces that have always propelled us forward in the sciences.
 
Merging Two Souls:
Cellular Memory and Organ Transplants


iStock_000022821186_Medium-585x306.jpg


Modern medicine is a wondrous and complex thing.
As an institution it has its beginnings in pre-history, with herbalists and shamans who treated every ailment, every illness with magic and salves and fireside dancing.

Of course, the state of medicine has advanced 1000 fold since then.
We graduated from superstition, to fledgling theories about the transmission of disease – such as the miasma theory of medicine – to germ theory, modern pharmaceuticals, genetic analysis, stem cell therapy, and of course, organ transplantation.

That last one has a longer and more storied history than you might think, and it gets kind of weird.
Organ transplantation is an incredible thing, if you think about it.

The very idea that one can remove a piece of someone’s body, put it in or on someone else’s, and that organ will become part of the second person, allowing them to heal and survive whatever trauma or disease brought them to a position of need in the first place… it’s amazing!

According to Donate Life, an American organization advocating for organ donation, there were 28,953 organ transplant procedures conducted in the US last year, and there are more than 123,000 people desperately awaiting suitable organs or tissue, just in the United States at this moment. When scaled globally, those numbers are staggering.

Depositphotos_16791611_s-570x379.jpg

So think about that for a moment.
That’s almost 30,000 people, just in the US, who got a second chance at life because someone was willing to give up their organs (either upon their death or while alive).

A little piece (or a few little pieces) of the 15,000 or so people who donated their own bodies to help those in need, live on in the surviving transplant recipients.
Those are people who have physically merged; donor and recipient – upon success of the procedure – essentially become one person.

That may seem to you, to be a strange way to look at it, but there’s actually more to it than you might think.
For as long as we’ve been transplanting parts of people into other people (more than 2000 years), there have been recipients of those parts who have claimed that once they started to live with the new addition to their body, they began to take on strange personality changes, often things that were completely counter to their normal demeanour.

Their preference for various foods would change drastically; something they enjoyed before becomes intolerable, or something they previously found disgusting is suddenly a constant craving.

They would suddenly feel the urge to begin smoking, or to take up a particular hobby.
Almost as if a part of the donors personality has also been grafted onto, or into their body.

For a lot of people that probably sounds pretty familiar, though it might feel like just an urban legend.
You might think it invokes some spiritual connection; a transfer of the soul of one person into another.

And while that might be something to think about, there is a basis in material fact here.

If you go looking, you’ll find a plethora of anecdotal accounts of people experiencing exactly what’s laid out above.

You’ll also find a strong skeptical argument refuting the idea as entirely impossible.
What we’re talking about is cellular memory. It’s a fairly old concept, with connections to past life regression and reincarnation.

Cellular memory is a theory that our cells, all 37 trillion of them, actually contain copies of our memories.
You’ll note that no one really knows how or where memories are stored, but it’s long been thought that they were restricted to the brain.

This, however, is no longer the case.





Through the study of epigenetics, which is often called cellular memory, and which has long been thought pseudoscience along with cellular memory, we now know that our cells, or even our very DNA actually do contain some element of our memories.

That element can be passed on – in the case of epigenetics, it’s passed from parent to child during gestation – though it’s not like handing down a photo album from generations past. Researchers have found that basic instincts, fears, and primal associations may be passed on this way.

It turns out that the same transfer of experience may happen with organ transplantation.
Last summer, a team of researchers from the Swedish Karolinska Institutet, announced the discovery of the mechanism for cellular memory and its transfer among cells.

Their paper, published in the scientific journal Cell, examines the interactions of proteins and DNA during cell division, isolating what’s known as transcriptions factors.[1]

“The DNA in human cells is translated into a multitude of proteins required for a cell to function.
When, where and how proteins are expressed is determined by regulatory DNA sequences and a group of proteins, known as transcription factors, that bind to these DNA sequences.

Each cell type can be distinguished based on its transcription factors, and a cell can in certain cases be directly converted from one type to another, simply by changing the expression of one or more transcription factors.

It is critical that the pattern of transcription factor binding in the genome be maintained.
During each cell division, the transcription factors are removed from DNA and must find their way back to the right spot after the cell has divided.

Despite many years of intense research, no general mechanism has been discovered which would explain how this is achieved.”

Here’s the thing, each new cell needs to know how to order its transcription factors, and needs to understand the order of transcription factors that existed before it was created, so that it can maintain its identity.

No one really knows exactly what information is being transferred between cells in this way, and since the cells need to have the memories of the cells in previous generations, whatever information is contained in those memories gets passed on, even if that information is superfluous to its purpose.

Now, because any cell in your body can at any time be converted into any other kind of cell – i.e. a lung cell could be converted into a brain cell if needed – that means that whatever memory that cell contains will then be passed on to other cells in other systems of the body.

If there is more than just identity information being stored in those proteins, then that information is also being shared, and will eventually spread.





So here we go.
If Jane gets a kidney transplant from Bob, and Bob’s kidney cells contained information about a memory, maybe that he enjoyed sardines, then when Bob’s kidney cells begin to interact with Jane’s cells, that memory information will be passed on to other cells.

Which in short order could have Jane craving those disgusting little fish in a can.

It is the process of cellular memory that keeps you who you are over the years of your life.

All of your cells are replaced by new ones regularly, and without cellular memory, those new cells wouldn’t know how to make you be you.
We don’t yet know how far cellular memory theory goes, the extent to which information can be passed between individuals in this way is unknown.

But here’s a little something to think about:

The Theseus Paradox poses the question, if a ship sailed for one hundred years, and over those years the crew worked to maintain the ship by replacing worn boards, eventually every board on the ship will have been replaced with new wood.

At the one hundred year mark, would it still be the same ship?


[1] Taipale, Jussi et al. Transcription Factor Binding in Human Cells Occurs in Dense Clusters Formed around Cohesin Anchor Sites. Cell, Volume 154, Issue 4, p801–813, 15 August 2013. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2013.07.034

I know this is quite an old post, but EventHorizon made mention of the topic in the Confession thread here:

I am assuming that the question marks indicate you have some interest in a different perspective and that my giving one will not result in a visit from o_q. Time will tell I suppose.
There is some evidence that suggests organ transplant patients receive more than just an organ from the person who donates it. People have reported taking on some of the characteristics of the person who donated it. So for instance someone who never liked hot sauce before may now put hot sauce on everything if the person who donated the organ like it. Or listen to the same music...

So perhaps by donating blood you are giving the person who receives it great insight into your life.

Huh I bet I could make a story and then a movie out of that idea...

I read another article about it here:

http://www.namahjournal.com/doc/Act...organ-transplant-recipients-vol-19-iss-1.html

I'm curious as to your theories or beliefs regarding this. I have my own theory that does not subscribe to cellular memory theory if either of you are interested in hearing it.

In the article I read, I found the story of Jim to be the most difficult to reconcile only because there is a lot of information not given such as cause of death and how many years had passed post-transplant to time of death:

On the other hand, Jim became morose and sullen after the transplant and died a few years later. It was discovered that Jim’s donor had been a shy, soft-spoken young woman who had worked part-time in a flower shop, and had committed suicide in despair over a lost love.

I do believe it to be kind of memory transference, but only indirectly through inference. I like to think of it more like memory reconstruction. Just as memories are recollections of past sensory information, the organ recipient reconstructs information produced by how the new organ responds to familiar biochemical signals.

In the case of the dream conviction, it would be more akin to the mind playing Ouija board or 21 questions while the heart responds with the hot/cold game (the mind makes sense of why pulse rate would rise or fall rather than the heart responding by memory). This all rests on the transplanted organ's (the heart is the organ most consistent with these personality changes) ability to be able to retain variance (not necessarily memory, but a response pattern and variability to that pattern) in its reactions to biochemical signals rather than the brain being the determinant.

Signal transduction occurs when an extracellular signaling molecule activates a specific receptor located on the cell surface or inside the cell. In turn, this receptor triggers a biochemical chain of events inside the cell, creating a response. Depending on the cell, the response alters the cell's metabolism, shape, gene expression, or ability to divide. The signal can be amplified at any step. Thus, one signaling molecule can cause many responses.
 
I know this is quite an old post, but EventHorizon made mention of the topic in the Confession thread here:



I read another article about it here:

http://www.namahjournal.com/doc/Act...organ-transplant-recipients-vol-19-iss-1.html

I'm curious as to your theories or beliefs regarding this. I have my own theory that does not subscribe to cellular memory theory if either of you are interested in hearing it.

In the article I read, I found the story of Jim to be the most difficult to reconcile only because there is a lot of information not given such as cause of death and how many years had passed post-transplant to time of death:



I do believe it to be kind of memory transference, but only indirectly through inference. I like to think of it more like memory reconstruction. Just as memories are recollections of past sensory information, the organ recipient reconstructs information produced by how the new organ responds to familiar biochemical signals.

In the case of the dream conviction, it would be more akin to the mind playing Ouija board or 21 questions while the heart responds with the hot/cold game (the mind makes sense of why pulse rate would rise or fall rather than the heart responding by memory). This all rests on the transplanted organ's (the heart is the organ most consistent with these personality changes) ability to be able to retain variance (not necessarily memory, but a response pattern and variability to that pattern) in its reactions to biochemical signals rather than the brain being the determinant.

Here is my theory...

Very close to what you are talking about…actually, before I get into that, it reminds me about the Jehovah’s Witness’s who don’t receive any human based blood, organs, or anything made with human components, because they believe that they can receive “the sins” of the one it came from. Perhaps, before anyone knew much about this they had such negative reactions from direct blood transfusions that could have even been accomplished in those times?

Okay…back on topic…we actually have neurons throughout our body…your gut is full of them - hence the “gut feeling” terminology.
I can see how each organ could effect someone differently having done some transplanting and “harvesting” myself.
Like what you mentioned in regards to the hot sauce post…I can see how the liver, which actually supplies lots of good digestion juices until your gall bladder is removed could potentially send signals to the stomach when it I guess “recognizes and reacts” to the signals it would normally receive from the mouth and stomach in preparation of making more bile to digest something.
In any organ you have networks of nerves…we really are still guessing on how our consciousness is formed and the same with how we even perceive our own world with the senses we have.
There are many neuroscientist who believe that the spinal cord has a secondary sort of consciousness, as it is it and the brain stem that generally keep the autonomic portion of us going, i.e. your heart beating, breathing without thinking, digestion, etc.
So, it isn’t too far of a stretch to think there is certainly some kind of neural memory, it’s like reverse phantom limb pain.
If you believe that consciousness could go all the way down, in steps or increments then maybe some sort of basic memory could exist in an organ…especially if there were a rush of neurochemicals from something traumatic happening just previous to an organ being transplanted.
We all feel real pain when we say our “heart aches” it is a actual physical sensation…why does our heart feel the love and pain so easily?
There must be some basic understanding of the signals it’s receiving from the brain IMO.
 
Here is my theory...

Very close to what you are talking about…actually, before I get into that, it reminds me about the Jehovah’s Witness’s who don’t receive any human based blood, organs, or anything made with human components, because they believe that they can receive “the sins” of the one it came from. Perhaps, before anyone knew much about this they had such negative reactions from direct blood transfusions that could have even been accomplished in those times?

Okay…back on topic…we actually have neurons throughout our body…your gut is full of them - hence the “gut feeling” terminology.
I can see how each organ could effect someone differently having done some transplanting and “harvesting” myself.
Like what you mentioned in regards to the hot sauce post…I can see how the liver, which actually supplies lots of good digestion juices until your gall bladder is removed could potentially send signals to the stomach when it I guess “recognizes and reacts” to the signals it would normally receive from the mouth and stomach in preparation of making more bile to digest something.
In any organ you have networks of nerves…we really are still guessing on how our consciousness is formed and the same with how we even perceive our own world with the senses we have.
There are many neuroscientist who believe that the spinal cord has a secondary sort of consciousness, as it is it and the brain stem that generally keep the autonomic portion of us going, i.e. your heart beating, breathing without thinking, digestion, etc.
So, it isn’t too far of a stretch to think there is certainly some kind of neural memory, it’s like reverse phantom limb pain.
If you believe that consciousness could go all the way down, in steps or increments then maybe some sort of basic memory could exist in an organ…especially if there were a rush of neurochemicals from something traumatic happening just previous to an organ being transplanted.
We all feel real pain when we say our “heart aches” it is a actual physical sensation…why does our heart feel the love and pain so easily?
There must be some basic understanding of the signals it’s receiving from the brain IMO.

Well, there was and still is the possibility of blood borne illnesses being transmitted. I think the old dietary prohibitions against pork were likely due to illness and sanitation issues because pigs are known to eat feces. Before modern sanitation practices began to develop it may be the case that where ever solid waste was disposed of pigs might have been consuming it.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pig_toilet

To me it really seems to be a misuse of the word 'memory,' in the way we might talk about the sun 'remembering' to rise and set and all patterns as being a function of memory somehow. Although, I think it fine in a metaphorical sense so long as it isn't hypostatized and taken literally.
 
Well, there was and still is the possibility of blood borne illnesses being transmitted. I think the old dietary prohibitions against pork were likely due to illness and sanitation issues because pigs are known to eat feces. Before modern sanitation practices began to develop it may be the case that where ever solid waste was disposed of pigs might have been consuming it.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pig_toilet

To me it really seems to be a misuse of the word 'memory,' in the way we might talk about the sun 'remembering' to rise and set and all patterns as being a function of memory somehow. Although, I think it fine in a metaphorical sense so long as it isn't hypostatized and taken literally.

I read that the bowls they would use prior to certain glazing techniques would allow the raw pork to permeate the pores of the clay…then if they say…drank some milk from the bowl, even if it was washed and looked clean, could still potentially release certain food born illnesses, pigs in particular - trichinosis.
Hence the separate plates and bowls for meat and vegetables, especially the more orthodox Jews, some of them even having separate kitchens.
It makes sense.

Well, we really don’t know how our memories are stored…there is a theory that each time you remember something you are actually recreating it…it isn’t playing back.
But they don’t know from where those memories actually arise or how the neurons would even store such information.
So yes, if someone ate hot sauce on everything…maybe there is some sort of recognition and response in return, it would be a very basic form of “memory”.
 
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