The American 'state' is probably too weak and dysfunctional, rather than the other way around.
The 'power' a state can exercise is the product of two axes, ala Michael Mann ('The Autonomous Power of the State'): infrastructural power and despotic power.
In simple terms, 'infrastructural power' is a state's 'reach' - how much it is able to get to people, &c., whereas 'despotic power' is what its allowed to do to those people once it gets to them.
The historical record shows an inversely proportional relationship between these two types of power, with states high in one low in the other. For instance, a high level of infrastructural power increases the certainty of arrest which decreases the need for deterrence like capital punishment (despotic power).
The United States is structurally set up to require much more despotic power than its other developed counterparts, because it does not possess as much infrastructural power.
The state is 'weak' in the wrong axis, and the result is that it has to rely upon much more despotism to enforce its will.