Skarekrow
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How can we take it back?
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Skarekrow
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Is it even possible to excise the tumor that is the insurance companies and the big pharmaceutical companies and get to a single payer plan that is affordable? Or does the money run too deep now??
Pharma CEO: We’re in Business of Shareholder Profit, Not Helping the Sick
James Woods | October 9, 2015
Another Pharmaceutical CEO is stepping up to challenge Martin Shkreli as world’s most hated man.
Last month, Martin Shkreli became a household name.
The CEO of Turing Pharmaceuticals is now infamous for raising the price of a newly-acquired drug to $750 a pill.
He also explained in an interview that his company was not alone in acquiring drugs currently on the market to raise their price and, in turn, rapidly drive up their stock price.
Enter J. Michael Pearson, The current CEO of Valeant Pharmaceuticals who recently said that his company’s responsibility is to it’s shareholders, while making no mention of his customers who rely on his drugs to live.
“If products are sort of mispriced and there’s an opportunity, we will act appropriately in terms of doing what I assume our shareholders would like us to do.”
Already this year, Valeant has increased the price of 56 of the drugs in its portfolio an average of 66 percent, highlighted by their recent acquisition, Zegerid, which they promptly raised 550 percent.
Not only does this have the unfortunate side effect of placing the price of life-saving drugs out of reach for even moderately-insured people, but it has now begun to call into question the sustainability of this rapidly-spreading business model.
In an interview with CNBC, Pearson defended his business practice of acquiring drugs instead of investing in research and development.
But it appears that all of the public backlash over price gouging of prescription drugs, which has included both Hillary Clinton and Bernie Sanders taking a stance against the practice as a platform in their respective presidential campaigns, has placed the practice under tremendous scruitiny.
The House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform is planning to issue a subpoena for information on recent price increases from both Pearson and Shkreli.
And that pending investigation has sent Valeant’s stock price tumbling more than 27 percent in the last month, which may have shareholders concerned enough to wonder if Pearson pushed too hard for too long.
Pharma CEO: We’re in Business of Shareholder Profit, Not Helping the Sick
James Woods | October 9, 2015
Another Pharmaceutical CEO is stepping up to challenge Martin Shkreli as world’s most hated man.
Last month, Martin Shkreli became a household name.
The CEO of Turing Pharmaceuticals is now infamous for raising the price of a newly-acquired drug to $750 a pill.
He also explained in an interview that his company was not alone in acquiring drugs currently on the market to raise their price and, in turn, rapidly drive up their stock price.
Enter J. Michael Pearson, The current CEO of Valeant Pharmaceuticals who recently said that his company’s responsibility is to it’s shareholders, while making no mention of his customers who rely on his drugs to live.
“If products are sort of mispriced and there’s an opportunity, we will act appropriately in terms of doing what I assume our shareholders would like us to do.”
Not only does this have the unfortunate side effect of placing the price of life-saving drugs out of reach for even moderately-insured people, but it has now begun to call into question the sustainability of this rapidly-spreading business model.
In an interview with CNBC, Pearson defended his business practice of acquiring drugs instead of investing in research and development.
“My primary responsibility is to Valeant shareholders. We can do anything we want to do. We will continue to make acquisitions, we will continue to move forward.”
Since being named CEO in 2008, Valeant has acquired more than 100 drugs and seen their stock price rise more than 1,000 percent with Pearson at the helm.
But it appears that all of the public backlash over price gouging of prescription drugs, which has included both Hillary Clinton and Bernie Sanders taking a stance against the practice as a platform in their respective presidential campaigns, has placed the practice under tremendous scruitiny.
The House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform is planning to issue a subpoena for information on recent price increases from both Pearson and Shkreli.
And that pending investigation has sent Valeant’s stock price tumbling more than 27 percent in the last month, which may have shareholders concerned enough to wonder if Pearson pushed too hard for too long.
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This is really a well-written article on the “war” going on against the youth of this country and elsewhere.
Enjoy.
Following the insight of Hannah Arendt, a leading political theorist of mid-20th century totalitarianism, a dark cloud of political and ethical ignorance has descended upon the United States. (1)
Thoughtlessness, a primary condition of authoritarian rule, now occupies a privileged, if not celebrated, place in the political landscape and the mainstream cultural apparatuses.
A new kind of infantilism now shapes daily life as adults gleefully take on the role of unthinking children, while children are pushed to be adults, stripped of their innocence and subject to a range of disciplinary pressures that saddle them with debt and cripple their ability to be imaginative. (2)
Under such circumstances, agency devolves into a mind-numbing anti-intellectualism evident in the banalities produced by Fox News infotainment and celebrity culture, and in the blinding rage produced by populist politicians who support creationism, argue against climate change and rail against immigration, the rights of women, public service workers, gay people and countless others.
There is more at work here than a lethal form of intellectual, political and emotional infantilism.
There is also a catastrophe of indifference and inattentiveness that breeds flirtations with irrationality, fuels the spectacle of violence, creates an embodied incapacity and promotes the withering of public life.
The citizen is now urged to become a consumer, politicians are now mouthpieces for money and power (3) and the burgeoning army of anti-public intellectuals in the mainstream media present themselves as unapologetic enemies of compassion, the commons and democracy itself.
Education is no longer viewed as a public good but as a private right, and critical thinking is no longer valued as a fundamental necessity for creating engaged and socially responsible citizens.
Neoliberalism's contempt for the social is now matched by an utter disdain for the common good.
Public spheres that once encouraged progressive ideas, enlightened social policies, democratic values, critical dialogue and exchange have been replaced by corporate entities whose ultimate fidelity is to increasing profit margins and producing a vast commercial culture "that tends to function so as to erase everything that matters."(4)
One outcome of this tangle of forces is that we live at a time in which institutions that were designed to limit human suffering and indignity and protect the public from the boom-and-bust cycles of capitalist markets have been either been weakened or abolished. (5)
Free market policies, values and practices, with their now unrestrained emphasis on the privatization of public wealth, the denigration of social protections and the deregulation of economic activity, influence practically every commanding political and economic institution in North America.
Finance capitalism now drives politics, governance and policy in unprecedented ways and is more than willing to sacrifice the future of young people for short-term political and economic gains.
Youth today are not only plagued by the fragility and uncertainty of the present; they are also "the first post war generation facing the prospect of downward mobility [in which the] plight of the outcast stretches to embrace a generation as a whole." (8)
It is little wonder that "these youngsters are called Generation Zero: A generation with Zero opportunities, Zero future," and zero expectations. (9)
Or to use Guy Standing's term, "the precariat," (10) which he defines as "a growing proportion of our total society" forced to "accept a life of unstable labour and unstable living." (11)
Too many young people and other vulnerable groups now inhabit what might be called a geography of terminal exclusion, a space of disposability that extends its reach to a growing number of individuals and groups.
Given these conditions, an overwhelming catalogue of evidence has come into view that indicates that nation-states organized by neoliberal priorities have implicitly declared war on their children, offering a disturbing index of societies in the midst of a deep moral and political catastrophe. (6)
Far too many youth today live in an era of foreclosed hope, an era in which it is difficult either to imagine a life beyond the dictates of a market-driven society or to transcend the fear that any attempt to do so can only result in a more dreadful nightmare.
As Jennifer Silva has pointed out, this generation of especially "young working-class men and women ... are trying to figure out what it means to be an adult in a world of disappearing jobs, soaring education costs and shrinking social support networks.... They live at home longer, spend more years in college, change jobs more frequently and start families later." (7)
The human face of those who inhabit this geography of exclusion has been captured in a story told by Chip Ward, a former librarian in Salt Lake City, who writes poignantly about a homeless woman he calls Ophelia, who retreats to the library because like many homeless people she has nowhere else to go to use the bathroom, secure temporary relief from bad weather or simply be able to rest.
Excluded from the American dream and treated as both expendable and a threat, Ophelia, in spite of her obvious mental illness, defines her own existence in terms that offer a chilling metaphor for her own plight and those of many others.
Ward describes Ophelia's presence and actions in the following way:
Ophelia sits by the fireplace and mumbles softly, smiling and gesturing at no one in particular. She gazes out the large window through the two pairs of glasses she wears, one windshield-sized pair over a smaller set perched precariously on her small nose. Perhaps four lenses help her see the invisible other she is addressing. When her "nobody there" conversation disturbs the reader seated beside her, Ophelia turns, chuckles at the woman's discomfort, and explains, "Don't mind me, I'm dead. It's okay. I've been dead for some time now." She pauses, then adds reassuringly, "It's not so bad. You get used to it." Not at all reassured, the woman gathers her belongings and moves quickly away. Ophelia shrugs. Verbal communication is tricky. She prefers telepathy, but that's hard to do since the rest of us, she informs me, "don't know the rules." (my emphasis) (12)
Ophelia represents just one of the 3.5 million people who are homeless at some point in the year in the United States, many of whom use public libraries and any other accessible public spaces to find shelter.
Many are women and children; they are often sick, disoriented and suffering from substance abuse or mental health issues, and many are barely able to cope with the stress, insecurity and dangers they face every day.
And while Ophelia's comments may be dismissed as the ramblings of a mentally ill woman, they speak to something much deeper about the current state of US society and its desertion of entire populations who are now considered the human waste of a neoliberal economic order.
People who were once viewed as facing dire problems and in need of social protection are now seen as a problem threatening society.
This becomes clear when the war on poverty is transformed into a war against the poor, when the plight of the homeless is defined less as a political and economic issue in need of social reform than as a matter of law and order or when government budgets for prison construction eclipse funds for higher education.
"Problem People"
The transformation of the social state into the corporate-controlled punishing state is made startlingly clear when young people, to rephrase W.E.B. Du Bois, become problem people rather than people who face problems.
Young people, especially low-income and poor people of color, are now viewed as trouble rather than being seen as facing troubles.
As such, they are increasingly subject to the dictates of the criminal legal system rather than subject to assistance from social programs that could address their most basic needs.
If youth were once the repository of society's dreams, that is no longer true.
Increasingly, young people are viewed as a public disorder, a dream now turned into a nightmare.
Many youth are forced to negotiate a post-9/11 social order that positions them as a prime target of its "governing through crime" complex.
Consider the many "get tough" policies that now render young people criminals, while depriving them of basic health care, education and social services.
Punishment and fear have replaced compassion and social responsibility as the most important modalities for mediating the relationship of youth to the larger society, all too evident by the upsurge of zero-tolerance laws in schools along with the expanding reach of the punishing state in the United States. (16)
When the criminalization of social problems becomes a mode of governance and war its default strategy, youth are reduced to soldiers or targets - not social investments.
As anthropologist Alain Bertho points out, "Youth is no longer considered the world's future, but as a threat to its present." (17)
Beyond exposing the moral depravity of a society that fails to provide for its youth, the symbolic and real violence waged against many young people reflects nothing less than a collective death wish - especially visible when youth protest their conditions.
As Alain Badiou argues, we live in an era in which there is near zero tolerance for democratic resistance and "infinite tolerance for the crimes of bankers and government embezzlers which affect the lives of millions." (13)
How else to explain the FBI's willingness to label as a "terrorist threat" youthful activists speaking against corporate and government misdeeds, while at the same time the Bureau refuses to press criminal charges against the banking giant HSBC for laundering billions of dollars for Mexican drug cartels and terrorist groups linked to al-Qaeda? (14)
Equally disturbing are the revelations that the Department of Homeland Security, which was "created in large part to combat terrorism," has put under surveillance members of the Black Lives Matter movement who have been organizing against the racist conditions producing police violence against Black people in the United States. (15)
Increasingly, the only political discourses available to many young people derive from privatized regimes of self-discipline and "emotional self-management." (18)
Youth are now removed from any meaningful register of democracy.
Their absence is symptomatic of a society that has turned against itself, punishing its children at the risk of bringing down the entire body politic.
What I call the war on youth emerged in its contemporary forms when the social contract, however compromised and feeble, came crashing to the ground around the time Margaret Thatcher "married" Ronald Reagan.
Both were hard-line advocates of a market fundamentalism, and announced, respectively, that there was no such thing as society and that government was the problem not the solution to citizens' woes.
Within a decade, democracy and the political process were hijacked by corporations and the call for austerity policies became a cheap copy for weakening the welfare state, public values and public goods.
The results of this emerging neoliberal regime included a widening gap between the rich and the poor, a growing culture of cruelty and the dismantling of social provisions.
One result has been that the promise of youth has given way to an age of market-induced angst, and a view of many young people as a drain on short-term investments and a threat to untrammeled self-interest and quick profits.
Under such circumstances, all bets are off regarding the future of democracy.
What is also being lost in the current historical conjuncture is the very idea of interpersonal responsibility, a commitment to the collective good, a democratic notion of the commons, the idea of connecting learning to social improvement and the promise of a robust democracy dedicated to a full measure of personal, political and economic rights.
Under the regime of a ruthless economic Darwinism, we are witnessing the crumbling of social bonds and the triumph of individual desires over social rights, nowhere more exemplified than in the growth of civic illiteracy, gated minds in gated communities, simplistic intolerance, atrophied social skills, a culture of cruelty and a downward spiral into the dark recesses of an oligarchic social order.
Children pay most acutely for this.
Consider that the United States is the only country in the world that has refused to ratify the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, which calls for "a commitment to promote and respect the human rights of children, including the right to life, to health, to education and to play, as well as the right to family life, to be protected from violence and from any form of discrimination." (20)
The war on youth is spreading out across the United States.
How else might we explain the United States' turning of schools into training centers, modeling many after prisons, or promoting the rise of pedagogies of repression such as teaching to the test and high-stakes testing, all in the name of educational reform?
What is the role of education in a democracy when a society burdens an entire generation with high tuition costs and student loans?
I think David Graeber is right in arguing, "Student loans are destroying the imagination of youth. If there's a way of a society committing mass suicide, what better way than to take all the youngest, most energetic, creative, joyous people in your society and saddle them with, like $50,000 of debt so they have to be slaves? There goes your music. There goes your culture.... We're a society that has lost any ability to incorporate the interesting, creative and eccentric people." (19)
What he does not say is that many young people are also being depoliticized because they are struggling just to survive, not only materially but also existentially.
Politics is now driven by a much-promoted hypercompetitive ideology with a message that surviving in society demands reducing social relations to forms of social combat.
Too many young people today learn quickly that their fate is solely a matter of individual responsibility, irrespective of wider structural forces.
As such, politics has become an extension of war, just as "systemic economic insecurity and anxiety" and state-sponsored violence increasingly find legitimation in the discourses of austerity, privatization and demonization, which promote anxiety, moral panics and fear, and undermine any sense of communal responsibility for the well-being of others.
The curse of privatization in a consumer-driven society is intensified by the market-driven assumption that for young people the only obligation of citizenship is to consume.
Yet, there is more at work here than the mechanisms of depoliticization; there is also a flight from social responsibility, if not politics itself.
Also lost is the importance of those social bonds, modes of collective reasoning, public spheres and cultural apparatuses crucial to the formation of a sustainable democratic society.
As one eminent sociologist points out, "Visions have nowadays fallen into disrepute and we tend to be proud of what we should be ashamed of." (21)
For instance, politicians, such as former Vice President Dick Cheney, not only refuse to apologize for the immense misery, displacement and suffering they have imposed on the Iraqi people - principally Iraqi children - but also they seem to gloat in defending such policies.
Doublespeak takes on a new register as President Obama employs the discourse of national security to sanction a surveillance state, a targeted assassination list and the ongoing killing of young children and their families by drones.
This expanding landscape of lies has not only produced an illegal and global war on terror and justified state torture, even against children; it has also provided a justification for the United States' slide into barbarism after the tragic events of 9/11.
Yet, such acts of state violence appear to be of little concern to the shameless apostles of permanent war.
The War Against Youth
In what follows, I want to address the intensifying assault on young people through the related concepts of "soft war" and "hard war." (22)
The idea of the soft war considers the changing conditions of youth within the relentless expansion of a global market society.
Partnered with a massive advertising machinery, the soft war targets all children and youth, devaluing them by treating them as yet another "market" to be commodified and exploited, and conscripting them into the system through relentless attempts to create a new generation of hyperconsumers.
This low-intensity war is waged by a variety of corporate institutions through the educational force of a culture that commercializes every aspect of kids' lives, and now uses the internet and various social networks along with the new media technologies such as smart phones to immerse young people in the world of mass consumption in ways that are more direct and expansive than anything we have seen in the past.
Commercially carpet-bombed by an advertising industry that in the United States spent $189 billion in 2012, the typical child is exposed to about 40,000 ads a year and by the time they reach the fourth grade, children have memorized 300 to 400 brands.
What are the consequences of the soft war?
Public spaces have been transformed into neoliberal disimagination zones, which make it more difficult for young people to find public spheres where they can locate themselves and translate metaphors of hope into meaningful action.
The dreamscapes that make up a society built on the promises of mass consumption translate deftly into ad copy, insistently promoting and normalizing a neoliberal order in which economic relations now provide the master script for how young people define themselves, and their relations with others and the larger world.
An entire generation is being drawn into a world of consumerism in which commodities and brand loyalty become both the most important markers of identity and the primary frameworks for mediating one's relationship to the world. Increasingly, many young people, recast as commodities, can only recognize themselves in terms preferred by the market.
As the sociologist Zygmunt Bauman points out, youth are simultaneously "promoters of commodities and the commodities they promote" - defined as both brands and merchandise, on the one hand, and marketing agents on the other. (23)
The data-mining marketers make young people think they count when in fact "all they want to do is count them." (24)
The dominant culture's overbearing ecology of consumption now works to selectively eliminate and reorder the possible modes of political, social and ethical vocabularies made available to youth.
Young peoples' most private experiences are now colonized by a consumerist ethic that deforms their sense of agency, desires, values and hopes.
Trapped within a spectacle of marketing, their capacity to be critically engaged and socially responsible citizens is significantly compromised.
The Hard War
The hard war is a more serious and dangerous development for young people, especially those who are marginalized by virtue of their ethnicity, race, gender, sexuality and class.
The hard war refers to the harshest elements of a growing youth crime-control complex that operates through a logic of punishment, surveillance and control. The young people targeted by its punitive measures are often poor youth of color who are considered failed consumers and who can only afford to live on the margins of a commercial culture that excludes anybody without money, resources and leisure time.
They are youth considered uneducable and unemployable, and therefore troublesome, if not a threat to the existing order.
How else do we explain the fact that in the United States today 500,000 young people are incarcerated and 2.5 million are arrested annually, and that by the age of 23, "almost a third of Americans have been arrested for a crime"? (25)
What kind of society allows 1.6 million children to be homeless at any given time in a year?
Or allows massive inequalities in wealth and income to produce a politically and morally dysfunctional society in which "45 percent of U.S. residents live in households that struggle to make ends meet"? (26)
Current statistics paint a bleak picture for young people in the richest country in the world.
According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, "the number of unemployed youth was 2.8 million in July 2015";(27) 12.5 million are without food; and in what amounts to a national disgrace, one out of every five US children lives in poverty.
Nearly half of all US children and 90 percent of Black youngsters will rely on food stamps at some point during childhood.(28)
The imprint of the youth crime-control complex can be traced back to the now normative practice of organizing life in schools through disciplinary practices that subject students to constant surveillance through high-tech security devices while imposing on them harsh and often thoughtless zero-tolerance policies that closely resemble measures used by the criminal legal system.
In this instance, poor youth and youth of color become objects of a new mode of governance based on the crudest forms of disciplinary control.
Punished if they don't show up at school and punished even if they do attend school, many of these students are funneled into what has been ominously called the "school-to-prison pipeline."
If middle- and upper-class kids are subject to the seductions of market-driven public relations, working-class youth are caught in the crosshairs between the arousal of commercial desire and the harsh impositions of securitization, surveillance and policing.
What are we to make of a society in which there were more young people killed on the streets of Chicago since 2001 then US soldiers killed in Afghanistan?
To be more exact, 5,000 were people killed by gunfire in Chicago, many of them children, while 2,000 troops were killed between 2001 and 2012. (29)
What kind of society is indifferent to the fact that this country "sees an average of 92 gun deaths per day - [with] more preschoolers ... shot dead each year than police officers are killed in the line of duty"? (30)
Near weekly mass shootings aside, what has flown under the radar is that in the last four years more than 500 children under the age of 12 were killed by guns.
As the war on terror comes home, public spaces have been transformed into war zones as local police forces have taken on the role of an occupying army, especially in poor neighborhoods of color, accentuated by the fact that the police now have access to armored troop carriers, night-vision-equipped rifles, Humvees, M-16 automatic rifles, grenade launchers and other weapons designed for military tactics. (31)
Acting as a paramilitary force, the police have become a new symbol of domestic terrorism, shaking down youth of color and Black communities in general by criminalizing a multitude of behaviors.
The rise of the punishing state and the war on terror has emboldened police forces across the nation and in doing so feeds their use of racist violence against young people of color, resulting in what has been called an "epidemic of police brutality."
Sadly, even children are not immune to such violence, as the killing of 12-year-old Tamir Rice on November 22, 2014, by a white police officer has made clear. Even more tragic is the fact that the City of Cleveland tried to blame the boy for his own death. (33)
Rice was holding a BB gun when he was shot to death by a police officer judged unfit for duty just two years prior.
The killing of Black youth and adults has taken on the image of a cruel sport suggestive of a police force spiraling downward into a form of authoritarianism that merges lawlessness with a dangerous form of militarism. (34)
This was especially true in the stop-and-frisk policies so widespread under former Mayor Michael Bloomberg in New York City. In Ferguson, Missouri, the entire population was subject to a form of legal lawlessness in what can only be described as a practice of racist extortion.
Rather than defined as a population to be protected, the largely Black citizens of Ferguson were arrested and fined for being unable to pay their debts, violating trivial rules such as letting their grass grow too high or jaywalking, all of which made them a prime target for the criminal legal system.
As a result, the police viewed the Black residents of Ferguson "as potential targets for what can only be described as a shake-down operation designed to wring money out of the poorest and most vulnerable by any means they could, and that as a result, the overwhelming majority of Ferguson's citizens had outstanding warrants." (32)
Against the idealistic rhetoric of a government that claims to venerate young people lies the reality of a society that increasingly views youth through the optic of law and order, a society that appears all too willing to treat youth as criminals and when necessary "disappear" them into the farthest reaches of the carceral state.
What are we to make of a society that allows New York City Police Department officers to come into a school and arrest, handcuff and haul off a 12-year-old student for doodling on her desk? (35)
Or, for that matter, school systems that allow a 6-year-old in Georgia and a 5-year-old kindergarten pupil in Florida to be handcuffed and taken to police stations for having tantrums in their classrooms? (36)
Where is the public outrage when two police officers called to a day care center in central Indiana to handle an unruly 10-year-old decide to taser the child? (37) Or when a school administration allows a police officer in Arkansas to use a stun gun to discipline an allegedly out of control 10-year-old girl?
One public response to this incident came from Steve Tuttle, a spokesman for Taser International Inc., who insisted that a "Stun gun can be safely used on children."(38)
Sadly, this is but a small sampling of the ways in which children are being punished instead of educated in US schools, especially inner-city schools.
All of these examples point to the growing social disregard for young people and the number of institutions willing to employ crime-and-punishment measures that together constitute not only a crisis of education, but the emergence of a new mode of politics that Jonathan Simon has called "governing through crime." (39)
Stolen Childhoods
Of course, we have seen this ruthless crime optic in previous historical periods, but at least crime was followed by attempts at reforms and rehabilitation, not revenge, as characterizes the contemporary criminal legal system. (40)
For one historical example of this broader understanding of crime and punishment, I want to turn to Claude Brown, the late African-American novelist, who understood something about this war on youth in its mid-century articulation.
Though his novel, Manchild in the Promised Land, takes place in Harlem in the 1940s and 1950s, there is something to be learned from his autobiographical novel.
Take for example the following passage:
If Reno was in a bad mood - if he didn't have any money and he wasn't high - he'd say, "Man, Sonny, they ain't got no kids in Harlem. I ain't never seen any. I've seen some real small people actin' like kids, but they don't have any kids in Harlem, because nobody has time for a childhood. Man, do you ever remember bein' a kid? Not me. Shit, kids are happy, kids laugh, kids are secure. They ain't scared a nothin'. You ever been a kid, Sonny? Damn, you lucky. I ain't never been a kid, man. I don't ever remember bein' happy and not scared. I don't know what happened, man, but I think I missed out on that childhood thing, because I don't ever recall bein' a kid. (41)
In Manchild in the Promised Land, Brown wrote about the doomed lives of his friends, families and neighborhood acquaintances.
The book is mostly remembered as a brilliant, but devastating portrait of Harlem under siege - a community ravaged and broken by heroin, poverty, unemployment, crime and police brutality.
But what Brown really brought into focus was that the raw violence and dead-end existence that plagued so many young people in Harlem, stole not only their future but their childhood as well.
In the midst of the social collapse and psychological trauma wrought by the systemic fusion of racism and class exploitation, children in Harlem were held hostage to forces that robbed them of the innocence that comes with childhood and forced them to take on the risks and burdens of daily survival that older generations were unable to shield them from.
At the heart of Brown's narrative, written in the midst of the civil rights struggle in the 1960s, is a "manchild," a metaphor that indicts a society that is waging a war on those children who are Black and poor and have been forced to grow up too quickly.
The hybridized concept of "manchild" marked a liminal space in which innocence was lost and childhood stolen, and any meaningful sense of adult agency and autonomy was aggressively compromised.
Harlem was a well-contained, internal colony and its street life provided the conditions and the very necessity for insurrection.
But the many forms of rebellion young people expressed - from the public and progressive to the interiorized and self-destructive - came at a cost, which Brown reveals near the end of the book: "It seemed as though most of the cats that we'd come up with just hadn't made it. Almost everybody was dead or in jail." (42)
Like the great critical theorist, C. Wright Mills, Brown's lasting contribution was to reconfigure the boundaries between public issues and private suffering.
For Brown, racism was about power and oppression - not ignorance, not fear - and could not be separated from broader social, economic and political considerations.
Rather than denying systemic causes of injustice (as did the discourses of individual pathology and self-help), Brown insisted that social forces had to be factored into any understanding of both group suffering and individual despair.
Brown explored the suffering of the young in Harlem, but he did so by utterly refusing to privatize it, or to dramatize and spectacularize private life over public dysfunction, or to separate individual hopes, desires and agency from the realm of politics and public life.
Childhood stolen was not to be salvaged by self-help - that shortsighted and mendacious appeal that would define the reactionary reform efforts of the 1980s and 1990s, from Reagan's hatred of government to Clinton's attack on welfare reform and his "instrumental role in creating one of the world's largest prison systems." (43)
At that time, it was a clarion call for condemning a social order that denied children a viable and life-enhancing present and future.
While Brown approached everyday life in Harlem more as a poet than as a political revolutionary, politics was embedded in every sentence of the book - not a politics marked by demagoguery, hatred and orthodoxy, but one that made visible the damage done by a social system characterized by massive inequalities and a rigid racial divide.
Manchild created the image of a society without children in order to raise questions about the future of a country that had turned its back on its most vulnerable population.
Fifty years later, Brown's metaphor of the "manchild" is more relevant today than when he wrote the book, and "the Promised Land" more prescient than ever as his revelation about the sorry plight of poor children of color takes on a more expansive meaning in light of the current economic meltdown and the dashed hopes of an entire generation now viewed as a generation without hope for a decent future.
Youth today are forced to inhabit a rough world where childhood is nonexistent, and they are crushed under the heavy material and existential burdens they are forced to bear.
Efforts to Break Free
The plight of poor youth of color also extends beyond the severity of material deprivations and violence they experience daily.
Many young people have been forced to view the world and redefine the nature of their own youth within the borders of hopelessness, insecurity and despair.
There is little basis on which to imagine a better future lying just beyond the highly restrictive spaces of commodification and containment.
Neoliberal austerity in social spending means an entire generation of youth will not have access to the decent jobs, material comforts, educational opportunities or security that was available to previous generations.
These are a new generation of youth who have to think, act and talk like adults.
Many must worry about their family members' inability to find work or about the incarceration of a parent.
In the United States, young people are further burdened by registers of extreme poverty that pose the dire challenge of food security and access to even the most basic health care in communities ravaged by those illnesses and special needs that accrue in impoverished conditions.
These young people inhabit a new and more unsettling scene of suffering, a dead zone of the imagination, which constitutes a site of terminal exclusion - one that reveals not only the vast and destabilizing inequalities in neoliberal economic landscapes, but also portends a future that has no purchase on the hope that characterizes a vibrant democracy.
Educators, individuals, artists, intellectuals and various social movements need to make visible both the workings of market fundamentalism "in all of its forms of exploitation whether personal, political, or economic [and they] ... need to reconstruct a platform" and a set of strategies to oppose it. (44)
Clearly, any political formation that matters must challenge the savage social costs that casino capitalism has enacted and work to undue the forms of social, political and economic violence that young people are daily experiencing.
This will demand more than one-day demonstrations.
Urgently needed are new public spheres in which there is a resurgence of public memory, civic literacy and civic courage - that is, a willingness to both "effectively analyze the structures and mechanisms of capitalist power [in order] to formulate a sophisticated political response" and the willingness to build longstanding oppositional movements. (45)
Traces of such movements are beginning to emerge in the United States among fast-food workers and among students protesting crushing debt and police brutality.
These traces are also apparent in the ongoing development of social movements in countries such as Spain and Greece that are rejecting the harsh neoliberal austerity policies imposed by the bankers and global financial elite.
This is a language that says that no society is ever just enough and calls for new collective struggles in the hope of creating a future that refuses to be defined by the dystopian forces now shaping US society.
These reforms are both profound and instructive for the time in which we live because they point to the need to think beyond the given, and to think beyond the distorted, market-based hope offered to us by the advocates of casino capitalism.
Such thinking rooted in the radical imagination is a central goal of civic education, which, in the words of poet Robert Hass, is "to refresh the idea of justice which is going dead in us all the time." (47)
In North America, we are seeing important, though inconclusive, attempts on the part of young people to break the hold of unaccountable governmental and financial power.
This was evident in the Occupy movement, the Quebec student movement, the Idle No More movement and the Black Lives Matter movement.
The New York Times recently reported that people all over the world are losing faith in democracy.
What it missed is that young people are not dissatisfied with democracy but with its absence.
In the United States, there is a new political momentum to reclaim a real democracy, one that provides all Americans with a livable minimum wage or guaranteed income; removes money from politics; reclaims the commons by reversing the pernicious nature of privatization; reins in the ravaging effects of unfettered casino capitalism; abolishes the bogus concept of corporate personhood; dismantles the permanent warfare state; reverses global warming; redistributes wealth in the interest of a vibrant democracy; nationalizes health care; breaks up the banks; eliminates the punishing-mass incarceration state; and eradicates the surveillance state, among other reforms. (46)
Current protests in the United States make clear that young people need to enlist all generations to develop a truly global political movement that is accompanied by the reclaiming of public spaces, the progressive use of digital technologies, the production of new modes of education and the safeguarding of places where democratic expression, new civic values, democratic public spheres, new modes of identification and collective hope can be nurtured and developed.
A formative culture must be put in place pedagogically and institutionally in a variety of spheres extending from churches and public and higher education to all those cultural apparatuses engaged in the production of collective knowledge, desire, identities and democratic values.
Crucial to the success of any collective struggle that matters is the necessity to embrace education as the center of politics and the source of an embryonic vision of the good life outside of the imperatives of unfettered "free-market" capitalism.
There is a need for educators, young people, artists and other cultural workers to develop a language of both critique and hope in which people can address the historical, structural and ideological conditions at the core of the violence being waged by the corporate and repressive state, and to make clear that government increasingly subsumed by global market sovereignty is no longer responsive to the most basic needs of young people.
Nowhere will this struggle be more difficult than on the education front, a front in which a long-term organizing effort will have to take place to change consciousness, convince people that capitalism and democracy are not the same thing - and indeed are often in conflict - offer up a new vision of democracy, and create the ideological and collective momentum to create a broad-based social movement that moves beyond single-issue politics.
The issue of who gets to define the future, share in the nation's wealth, shape the parameters of the social state, steward and protect the globe's resources and create a formative culture for producing engaged and socially responsible members of society is not a rhetorical issue.
This challenge offers up new categories for defining how matters of representations, education, economic justice and politics are to be defined and fought over. This is a difficult task, but what we are seeing in cities such as New York, Athens, Quebec, Paris, Madrid and other sites of massive inequality throughout the world is the beginning of a long struggle for the institutions, values and infrastructures that make communities the center of a robust, radical democracy.
We live at a time in which it is more crucial than ever to imagine a future that does not repeat the present.
Given the urgency of the problems we face - mounting economic inequality, creeping disenfranchisement, the rise of the incarceration state, entrenched racism, the expanding surveillance state, the threat of nuclear destruction, ecological devastation and in the United States, the collapse of democratic governance - I think it is all the more crucial to take seriously the challenge of Jacques Derrida's provocation: "We must do and think the impossible. If only the possible happened, nothing more would happen. If I only did what I can do, I wouldn't do anything." (48)
My friend, the late Howard Zinn, got it right in his insistence that hope is the willingness "to hold out, even in times of pessimism, the possibility of surprise." (49)
History is open, and the space of the possible is larger than the one on display.
Footnotes
1. Hannah Arendt, The Origins of Totalitarianism, (Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, New York: 2001).
2. See, for instance, Andre Spicer, "Adults with colouring books, kids with CVs - it's a world turned upside down," The Guardian (April 8, 2015). Online:http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/apr/08/adults-colouring-books-kids-cvs-lego-children
3. According to a Princeton University Study, American is not a democracy but has devolved into an oligarchy controlled by a financial elite. See, for instance, Martin Gilens and Benjamin I. Page, "Testing Theories of American Politics: Elites, Interest Groups, and Average Citizens," Perspectives on Politics, 12:3 (September 2014). Online: http://journals.cambridge.org/download.php?file=%2FPPS%2FPPS12_03%2FS1537592714001595a.pdf&code=1a1bc2717f1d6a1491f4e05f6aebbcf2
4. Angela Y. Davis, Abolition Democracy: Beyond Empire, Prisons, and Torture, (New York: Seven Stories Press, 2005), p. 91.
5. This theme is taken up powerfully by a number of theorists. See C. Wright Mills,The Sociological Imagination (New York: Oxford University Press, 2000); Richard Sennett, The Fall of Public Man (New York: Norton, 1974); Zygmunt Bauman, In Search of Politics (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1999); and Henry A. Giroux,Public Spaces, Private Lives (Lanham: Rowman and Littlefield, 2001).
6. J.F. Conway, "Quebec: Making War on Our Children," Socialist Project, E-Bulletin No. 651, (June 10, 2012). Online:http://www.socialistproject.ca/bullet/651.php
7. Jennifer M. Silva, "Young and Isolated," International New York Times (June 22, 2013). Online: http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/06/22/young-and-isolated/?_r=0
8. Zygmunt Bauman, On Education, (Cambridge, UK: Polity Press, 2012), p. 46.
9. Zygmunt Bauman, This Is Not A Diary, (Cambridge, UK: Polity Press, 2012), p. 64
10. Guy Standing, The Precariat: The New Dangerous Class, (London, Bloomsbury Academic, 2011).
11. Sara Mojtehedzadeh, "Q&A with precarious work expert Guy Standing," The Toronto Star, (April 09, 2015). Online:http://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2015/04/09/qa-with-precarious-work-expert-guy-standing.html
12. Chip Ward, "America Gone Wrong: A Slashed Safety Net Turns Libraries into Homeless Shelters," TomDispatch.com (April 2, 2007). Online:http://www.alternet.org/story/50023
13. Alain Badiou, The Rebirth of History, trans. Gregory Elliott (London: Verso, 2012), pp. 18-19
14. Matt Taibbi, "After Laundering $800 Million in Drug Money, How Did HSBC Executives Avoid Jail?" Democracy Now! (December 13, 2012). Online:http://www.democracynow.org/2012/12/13/matt_taibbi_after_laundering_800_million
15. George Joseph, "Exclusive: Feds Regularly Monitored Black Lives Matter Since Ferguson," The Intercept (July 24, 2015). Online:https://theintercept.com/2015/07/24...monitoring-black-lives-matter-since-ferguson/
16. See, for example, David Garland, The Culture of Control: Crime and Social Order in Contemporary Society (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2002); Jonathan Simon, Governing Through Crime: How the War on Crime Transformed American Democracy and Created a Culture of Fear (New York: Oxford University Press, 2009); Henry A. Giroux, The Violence of Organized Forgetting (San Francisco: City Lights, 2014); Brad Evans and Henry A. Giroux, Disposable Futures: The Seduction of Violence in the Age of the Spectacle (San Francisco: City Lights, 2015).
17. Quoted in Jean-Marie Durand, "For Youth: A Disciplinary Discourse Only,"Truthout (November 15, 2009), trans. Leslie Thatcher. Online:http://www.truthout.org/11190911
18. Jennifer M. Silva, Coming Up Short: Working-Class Adulthood In An Age of Uncertainty, (Oxford Press, New York, NY, 2013), 10
19. Alexander Reed Kelly, "David Graeber: 'There Has Been a War on the Human Imagination,'" Truthdig, (August 12, 2013). Online:http://www.truthdig.com/avbooth/item/david_graeber_there_has_been_a_war_on_the_human_imagination_20130812/
20. Steve Straehley," Somalia Ratifies Rights of Children Treaty, Leaving United States as only Holdout," AllGov.com (October 04, 2015), Online:http://www.allgov.com/news/us-and-t...ted-states-as-only-holdout-151004?news=857561
21. Zygmunt Bauman, "Introduction and in Search of Public Space," In Search of Politics (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1999), p. 8.
22. Quoted in Jean-Marie Durand, "For Youth: A Disciplinary Discourse Only,"Truthout (November 15, 2009), trans. Leslie Thatcher. Online:http://www.truthout.org/11190911
23. Zygmunt Bauman, Consuming Life (London: (London: Polity, 2007), p. 6.
24. Zygmunt Bauman and David Lyons, Liquid Surveillance, (Cambridge, UK: Polity Press, 2013), pp. 54.
25. Erica Goode, "Many in US Are Arrested by Age 23, Study Finds," The New York Times (December 19, 2011). Online:http://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/19/u...d-by-23-study-says.html?_r=1&pagewanted=print
26. Reuters, "45% Struggle in US to Make Ends Meet," MSNBC: Business Stocks and Economy (November 22, 2011). Online:http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/45407937/ns/business-stocks_and_economy/#.T3SxhDEgd8E
27. See: http://www.bls.gov/news.release/youth.nr0.htm
28. Lindsey Tanner, "Half of US Kids Will Get Food Stamps, Study Says," The Associated Press (November 2, 2009). Online: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/11/02/food-stamps-will-feed-hal_n_342834.html
29. Daily Mail Reporter, "These kids don't expect to lead a full life': Fears for Chicago teens as fatal shootings in city outnumber US troops killed in Afghanistan,"Mail Online, UK (June 19, 2012). Online: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/art...hot-dead-Chicago-killed-duty-Afghanistan.html
30. As Nicholas Kristof points out: It's not just occasional mass shootings like the one at an Oregon college ... but a continuous deluge of gun deaths, an average of 92 every day in America. Since 1970, more Americans have died from guns than died in all US wars going back to the American Revolution. If that doesn't make you flinch, consider this: In America, more preschoolers are shot dead each year (82 in 2013) than police officers are in the line of duty (27 in 2013), according to figures from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the FBI. See, Nicholas Kristof, "A New Way to Tackle Gun Deaths," The New York Times (October 3, 2015). Online:http://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/04/o...deaths.html?smid=tw-nytopinion&smtyp=cur&_r=0
31. Taylor Wofford, "How America's Police Became an Army: The 1033 Program,"Newsweek (August 13, 2014). Online: http://www.newsweek.com/how-americas-police-became-army-1033-program-264537
32. David Graeber, "Ferguson and the Criminalization of American Life," Gawker(March 19, 2015). Online: http://gawker.com/ferguson-and-the-criminalization-of-american-life-1692392051
33. Oliver Laughland, "Tamir Rice 'directly and proximately' responsible for own police shooting death, says city," The Guardian (March 1, 2015). Online:http://www.theguardian.com/us-news/...mately-responsible-police-shooting-death-city
34. Rich Juzwiak and Aleksander Chan, "Unarmed People of Color Killed by Police, 1999-2014," Gawker (December 8, 2014). Online: http://gawker.com/unarmed-people-of-color-killed-by-police-1999-2014-1666672349
35. Rachel Monahan, "Queens Girl Alexa Gonzalez Hauled Out of School in Handcuffs after Getting Caught Doodling on Desk," New York Daily News(February 4, 2010). Online: http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york...ndcuffs-caught-doodling-desk-article-1.194141
36. Rene Lynch, "Kindergartner Throws Tantruym at School, Is Handcuffed by Police," Los Angeles Times (April 17, 2012), Online:http://articles.latimes.com/2012/apr/17/nation/la-na-nn-six-year-old-handcuffed-20120417; and Antoinette Campbell, "Police Handcuff 6-year-old Student in Georgia," CNN.com (April 17, 2012), Online:http://www.cnn.com/2012/04/17/justice/georgia-student-handcuffed/index.html. See also Robert Winnett, "Californian 5-year-old Handcuffed and Charged with Battery," The Telegraph (November 25, 2011). Online:http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/wor...-old-handcuffed-and-charged-with-battery.html
37. The Associated Press, "Officers Suspended after Using Taser on 10-year-old,"CBC News (April 1, 2010), Online:http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/story/2010/04/01/police-indiana-taser-daycare.html. More recently, see The Huffington Post, "Boy 'Recklessly' Tasered by Police Officer During Career Day, Lawsuit Says," October 31, 2012, Online:http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/10/31/10-year-old-tasered-new-mexico_n_2050463.html
38. Quoted in Carly Everson, "Ind. Officer Uses Stun Gun on Unruly 10-Year old,"The Associated Press (April 3, 2010). Online:http://hosted.ap.org/dynamic/storie...HILD?SITE=FLPLA&SECTION=HOME&TEMPLATE=DEFAULT
39. Jonathan Simon, Governing Through Crime: How the War on Crime Transformed American Democracy and Created a Culture of Fear (New York: Oxford University Press, 2007), p. 5.
40. See, for instance, Matt Taibbi, The Divide: American Injustice in the Age the Great Wealth Gap (New York: Spiegel & Grau, 2014)
41. Claude Brown, Manchild in the Promised Land (New York: Signet Books, 1965).
42. Ibid., p. 419.
43. Jeff Stein, "The Clinton Dynasty's Horrific Legacy: More Drug War, More Prisons," Salon (April 2015), http://www.alternet.org/drugs/clinton-dynasty-horrific-legacy-more-drug-war-more-prisons
44. Chris Hedges, "Tariq Ali: The Time Is Right for a Palace Revolution," Truthdig(March 1, 2015). Online:http://www.truthdig.com/report/item/tariq_ali_the_time_is_right_for_a_palace_revolution_20150301
45. Ibid.
46. I have borrowed many of these ideas from the National Endowment for American Renewal. See the NEAR Foundation Agenda at http://n-e-a-r.org/a-broad-agenda/
47. Robert Hass cited in Sarah Pollock, "Robert Hass," Mother Jones (March/April, 1992), p. 22.
48. Jacques Derrida, "No One is Innocent: A Discussion with Jacques About Philosophy in the Face of Terror," The Information Technology, War and Peace Project, p. 2 available online:http://www.watsoninstitute.org/infopeace/911/derrida_innocence.html
49. Howard Zinn, A People's History of the United States (New York: Harper Perennial; Reprint edition, 2003), p. 634.
Enjoy.
Youth in Authoritarian Times:
Challenging Neoliberalism's Politics of Disposability
To read more articles by Henry A. Giroux and other authors in the Public Intellectual Project, click here.
Challenging Neoliberalism's Politics of Disposability
To read more articles by Henry A. Giroux and other authors in the Public Intellectual Project, click here.
Following the insight of Hannah Arendt, a leading political theorist of mid-20th century totalitarianism, a dark cloud of political and ethical ignorance has descended upon the United States. (1)
Thoughtlessness, a primary condition of authoritarian rule, now occupies a privileged, if not celebrated, place in the political landscape and the mainstream cultural apparatuses.
A new kind of infantilism now shapes daily life as adults gleefully take on the role of unthinking children, while children are pushed to be adults, stripped of their innocence and subject to a range of disciplinary pressures that saddle them with debt and cripple their ability to be imaginative. (2)
Under such circumstances, agency devolves into a mind-numbing anti-intellectualism evident in the banalities produced by Fox News infotainment and celebrity culture, and in the blinding rage produced by populist politicians who support creationism, argue against climate change and rail against immigration, the rights of women, public service workers, gay people and countless others.
There is more at work here than a lethal form of intellectual, political and emotional infantilism.
There is also a catastrophe of indifference and inattentiveness that breeds flirtations with irrationality, fuels the spectacle of violence, creates an embodied incapacity and promotes the withering of public life.
The citizen is now urged to become a consumer, politicians are now mouthpieces for money and power (3) and the burgeoning army of anti-public intellectuals in the mainstream media present themselves as unapologetic enemies of compassion, the commons and democracy itself.
Education is no longer viewed as a public good but as a private right, and critical thinking is no longer valued as a fundamental necessity for creating engaged and socially responsible citizens.
Neoliberalism's contempt for the social is now matched by an utter disdain for the common good.
Public spheres that once encouraged progressive ideas, enlightened social policies, democratic values, critical dialogue and exchange have been replaced by corporate entities whose ultimate fidelity is to increasing profit margins and producing a vast commercial culture "that tends to function so as to erase everything that matters."(4)
One outcome of this tangle of forces is that we live at a time in which institutions that were designed to limit human suffering and indignity and protect the public from the boom-and-bust cycles of capitalist markets have been either been weakened or abolished. (5)
Free market policies, values and practices, with their now unrestrained emphasis on the privatization of public wealth, the denigration of social protections and the deregulation of economic activity, influence practically every commanding political and economic institution in North America.
Finance capitalism now drives politics, governance and policy in unprecedented ways and is more than willing to sacrifice the future of young people for short-term political and economic gains.
Youth today are not only plagued by the fragility and uncertainty of the present; they are also "the first post war generation facing the prospect of downward mobility [in which the] plight of the outcast stretches to embrace a generation as a whole." (8)
It is little wonder that "these youngsters are called Generation Zero: A generation with Zero opportunities, Zero future," and zero expectations. (9)
Or to use Guy Standing's term, "the precariat," (10) which he defines as "a growing proportion of our total society" forced to "accept a life of unstable labour and unstable living." (11)
Too many young people and other vulnerable groups now inhabit what might be called a geography of terminal exclusion, a space of disposability that extends its reach to a growing number of individuals and groups.
Given these conditions, an overwhelming catalogue of evidence has come into view that indicates that nation-states organized by neoliberal priorities have implicitly declared war on their children, offering a disturbing index of societies in the midst of a deep moral and political catastrophe. (6)
Far too many youth today live in an era of foreclosed hope, an era in which it is difficult either to imagine a life beyond the dictates of a market-driven society or to transcend the fear that any attempt to do so can only result in a more dreadful nightmare.
As Jennifer Silva has pointed out, this generation of especially "young working-class men and women ... are trying to figure out what it means to be an adult in a world of disappearing jobs, soaring education costs and shrinking social support networks.... They live at home longer, spend more years in college, change jobs more frequently and start families later." (7)
The human face of those who inhabit this geography of exclusion has been captured in a story told by Chip Ward, a former librarian in Salt Lake City, who writes poignantly about a homeless woman he calls Ophelia, who retreats to the library because like many homeless people she has nowhere else to go to use the bathroom, secure temporary relief from bad weather or simply be able to rest.
Excluded from the American dream and treated as both expendable and a threat, Ophelia, in spite of her obvious mental illness, defines her own existence in terms that offer a chilling metaphor for her own plight and those of many others.
Ward describes Ophelia's presence and actions in the following way:
Ophelia sits by the fireplace and mumbles softly, smiling and gesturing at no one in particular. She gazes out the large window through the two pairs of glasses she wears, one windshield-sized pair over a smaller set perched precariously on her small nose. Perhaps four lenses help her see the invisible other she is addressing. When her "nobody there" conversation disturbs the reader seated beside her, Ophelia turns, chuckles at the woman's discomfort, and explains, "Don't mind me, I'm dead. It's okay. I've been dead for some time now." She pauses, then adds reassuringly, "It's not so bad. You get used to it." Not at all reassured, the woman gathers her belongings and moves quickly away. Ophelia shrugs. Verbal communication is tricky. She prefers telepathy, but that's hard to do since the rest of us, she informs me, "don't know the rules." (my emphasis) (12)
Many are women and children; they are often sick, disoriented and suffering from substance abuse or mental health issues, and many are barely able to cope with the stress, insecurity and dangers they face every day.
And while Ophelia's comments may be dismissed as the ramblings of a mentally ill woman, they speak to something much deeper about the current state of US society and its desertion of entire populations who are now considered the human waste of a neoliberal economic order.
People who were once viewed as facing dire problems and in need of social protection are now seen as a problem threatening society.
This becomes clear when the war on poverty is transformed into a war against the poor, when the plight of the homeless is defined less as a political and economic issue in need of social reform than as a matter of law and order or when government budgets for prison construction eclipse funds for higher education.
"Problem People"
The transformation of the social state into the corporate-controlled punishing state is made startlingly clear when young people, to rephrase W.E.B. Du Bois, become problem people rather than people who face problems.
Young people, especially low-income and poor people of color, are now viewed as trouble rather than being seen as facing troubles.
As such, they are increasingly subject to the dictates of the criminal legal system rather than subject to assistance from social programs that could address their most basic needs.
If youth were once the repository of society's dreams, that is no longer true.
Increasingly, young people are viewed as a public disorder, a dream now turned into a nightmare.
Many youth are forced to negotiate a post-9/11 social order that positions them as a prime target of its "governing through crime" complex.
Consider the many "get tough" policies that now render young people criminals, while depriving them of basic health care, education and social services.
Punishment and fear have replaced compassion and social responsibility as the most important modalities for mediating the relationship of youth to the larger society, all too evident by the upsurge of zero-tolerance laws in schools along with the expanding reach of the punishing state in the United States. (16)
When the criminalization of social problems becomes a mode of governance and war its default strategy, youth are reduced to soldiers or targets - not social investments.
As anthropologist Alain Bertho points out, "Youth is no longer considered the world's future, but as a threat to its present." (17)
Beyond exposing the moral depravity of a society that fails to provide for its youth, the symbolic and real violence waged against many young people reflects nothing less than a collective death wish - especially visible when youth protest their conditions.
As Alain Badiou argues, we live in an era in which there is near zero tolerance for democratic resistance and "infinite tolerance for the crimes of bankers and government embezzlers which affect the lives of millions." (13)
How else to explain the FBI's willingness to label as a "terrorist threat" youthful activists speaking against corporate and government misdeeds, while at the same time the Bureau refuses to press criminal charges against the banking giant HSBC for laundering billions of dollars for Mexican drug cartels and terrorist groups linked to al-Qaeda? (14)
Equally disturbing are the revelations that the Department of Homeland Security, which was "created in large part to combat terrorism," has put under surveillance members of the Black Lives Matter movement who have been organizing against the racist conditions producing police violence against Black people in the United States. (15)
Increasingly, the only political discourses available to many young people derive from privatized regimes of self-discipline and "emotional self-management." (18)
Youth are now removed from any meaningful register of democracy.
Their absence is symptomatic of a society that has turned against itself, punishing its children at the risk of bringing down the entire body politic.
What I call the war on youth emerged in its contemporary forms when the social contract, however compromised and feeble, came crashing to the ground around the time Margaret Thatcher "married" Ronald Reagan.
Both were hard-line advocates of a market fundamentalism, and announced, respectively, that there was no such thing as society and that government was the problem not the solution to citizens' woes.
Within a decade, democracy and the political process were hijacked by corporations and the call for austerity policies became a cheap copy for weakening the welfare state, public values and public goods.
The results of this emerging neoliberal regime included a widening gap between the rich and the poor, a growing culture of cruelty and the dismantling of social provisions.
One result has been that the promise of youth has given way to an age of market-induced angst, and a view of many young people as a drain on short-term investments and a threat to untrammeled self-interest and quick profits.
Under such circumstances, all bets are off regarding the future of democracy.
What is also being lost in the current historical conjuncture is the very idea of interpersonal responsibility, a commitment to the collective good, a democratic notion of the commons, the idea of connecting learning to social improvement and the promise of a robust democracy dedicated to a full measure of personal, political and economic rights.
Under the regime of a ruthless economic Darwinism, we are witnessing the crumbling of social bonds and the triumph of individual desires over social rights, nowhere more exemplified than in the growth of civic illiteracy, gated minds in gated communities, simplistic intolerance, atrophied social skills, a culture of cruelty and a downward spiral into the dark recesses of an oligarchic social order.
Children pay most acutely for this.
Consider that the United States is the only country in the world that has refused to ratify the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, which calls for "a commitment to promote and respect the human rights of children, including the right to life, to health, to education and to play, as well as the right to family life, to be protected from violence and from any form of discrimination." (20)
The war on youth is spreading out across the United States.
How else might we explain the United States' turning of schools into training centers, modeling many after prisons, or promoting the rise of pedagogies of repression such as teaching to the test and high-stakes testing, all in the name of educational reform?
What is the role of education in a democracy when a society burdens an entire generation with high tuition costs and student loans?
I think David Graeber is right in arguing, "Student loans are destroying the imagination of youth. If there's a way of a society committing mass suicide, what better way than to take all the youngest, most energetic, creative, joyous people in your society and saddle them with, like $50,000 of debt so they have to be slaves? There goes your music. There goes your culture.... We're a society that has lost any ability to incorporate the interesting, creative and eccentric people." (19)
What he does not say is that many young people are also being depoliticized because they are struggling just to survive, not only materially but also existentially.
Politics is now driven by a much-promoted hypercompetitive ideology with a message that surviving in society demands reducing social relations to forms of social combat.
Too many young people today learn quickly that their fate is solely a matter of individual responsibility, irrespective of wider structural forces.
As such, politics has become an extension of war, just as "systemic economic insecurity and anxiety" and state-sponsored violence increasingly find legitimation in the discourses of austerity, privatization and demonization, which promote anxiety, moral panics and fear, and undermine any sense of communal responsibility for the well-being of others.
The curse of privatization in a consumer-driven society is intensified by the market-driven assumption that for young people the only obligation of citizenship is to consume.
Yet, there is more at work here than the mechanisms of depoliticization; there is also a flight from social responsibility, if not politics itself.
Also lost is the importance of those social bonds, modes of collective reasoning, public spheres and cultural apparatuses crucial to the formation of a sustainable democratic society.
As one eminent sociologist points out, "Visions have nowadays fallen into disrepute and we tend to be proud of what we should be ashamed of." (21)
For instance, politicians, such as former Vice President Dick Cheney, not only refuse to apologize for the immense misery, displacement and suffering they have imposed on the Iraqi people - principally Iraqi children - but also they seem to gloat in defending such policies.
Doublespeak takes on a new register as President Obama employs the discourse of national security to sanction a surveillance state, a targeted assassination list and the ongoing killing of young children and their families by drones.
This expanding landscape of lies has not only produced an illegal and global war on terror and justified state torture, even against children; it has also provided a justification for the United States' slide into barbarism after the tragic events of 9/11.
Yet, such acts of state violence appear to be of little concern to the shameless apostles of permanent war.
The War Against Youth
In what follows, I want to address the intensifying assault on young people through the related concepts of "soft war" and "hard war." (22)
The idea of the soft war considers the changing conditions of youth within the relentless expansion of a global market society.
Partnered with a massive advertising machinery, the soft war targets all children and youth, devaluing them by treating them as yet another "market" to be commodified and exploited, and conscripting them into the system through relentless attempts to create a new generation of hyperconsumers.
This low-intensity war is waged by a variety of corporate institutions through the educational force of a culture that commercializes every aspect of kids' lives, and now uses the internet and various social networks along with the new media technologies such as smart phones to immerse young people in the world of mass consumption in ways that are more direct and expansive than anything we have seen in the past.
Commercially carpet-bombed by an advertising industry that in the United States spent $189 billion in 2012, the typical child is exposed to about 40,000 ads a year and by the time they reach the fourth grade, children have memorized 300 to 400 brands.
What are the consequences of the soft war?
Public spaces have been transformed into neoliberal disimagination zones, which make it more difficult for young people to find public spheres where they can locate themselves and translate metaphors of hope into meaningful action.
The dreamscapes that make up a society built on the promises of mass consumption translate deftly into ad copy, insistently promoting and normalizing a neoliberal order in which economic relations now provide the master script for how young people define themselves, and their relations with others and the larger world.
An entire generation is being drawn into a world of consumerism in which commodities and brand loyalty become both the most important markers of identity and the primary frameworks for mediating one's relationship to the world. Increasingly, many young people, recast as commodities, can only recognize themselves in terms preferred by the market.
As the sociologist Zygmunt Bauman points out, youth are simultaneously "promoters of commodities and the commodities they promote" - defined as both brands and merchandise, on the one hand, and marketing agents on the other. (23)
The data-mining marketers make young people think they count when in fact "all they want to do is count them." (24)
The dominant culture's overbearing ecology of consumption now works to selectively eliminate and reorder the possible modes of political, social and ethical vocabularies made available to youth.
Young peoples' most private experiences are now colonized by a consumerist ethic that deforms their sense of agency, desires, values and hopes.
Trapped within a spectacle of marketing, their capacity to be critically engaged and socially responsible citizens is significantly compromised.
The Hard War
The hard war is a more serious and dangerous development for young people, especially those who are marginalized by virtue of their ethnicity, race, gender, sexuality and class.
The hard war refers to the harshest elements of a growing youth crime-control complex that operates through a logic of punishment, surveillance and control. The young people targeted by its punitive measures are often poor youth of color who are considered failed consumers and who can only afford to live on the margins of a commercial culture that excludes anybody without money, resources and leisure time.
They are youth considered uneducable and unemployable, and therefore troublesome, if not a threat to the existing order.
How else do we explain the fact that in the United States today 500,000 young people are incarcerated and 2.5 million are arrested annually, and that by the age of 23, "almost a third of Americans have been arrested for a crime"? (25)
What kind of society allows 1.6 million children to be homeless at any given time in a year?
Or allows massive inequalities in wealth and income to produce a politically and morally dysfunctional society in which "45 percent of U.S. residents live in households that struggle to make ends meet"? (26)
Current statistics paint a bleak picture for young people in the richest country in the world.
According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, "the number of unemployed youth was 2.8 million in July 2015";(27) 12.5 million are without food; and in what amounts to a national disgrace, one out of every five US children lives in poverty.
Nearly half of all US children and 90 percent of Black youngsters will rely on food stamps at some point during childhood.(28)
The imprint of the youth crime-control complex can be traced back to the now normative practice of organizing life in schools through disciplinary practices that subject students to constant surveillance through high-tech security devices while imposing on them harsh and often thoughtless zero-tolerance policies that closely resemble measures used by the criminal legal system.
In this instance, poor youth and youth of color become objects of a new mode of governance based on the crudest forms of disciplinary control.
Punished if they don't show up at school and punished even if they do attend school, many of these students are funneled into what has been ominously called the "school-to-prison pipeline."
If middle- and upper-class kids are subject to the seductions of market-driven public relations, working-class youth are caught in the crosshairs between the arousal of commercial desire and the harsh impositions of securitization, surveillance and policing.
What are we to make of a society in which there were more young people killed on the streets of Chicago since 2001 then US soldiers killed in Afghanistan?
To be more exact, 5,000 were people killed by gunfire in Chicago, many of them children, while 2,000 troops were killed between 2001 and 2012. (29)
What kind of society is indifferent to the fact that this country "sees an average of 92 gun deaths per day - [with] more preschoolers ... shot dead each year than police officers are killed in the line of duty"? (30)
Near weekly mass shootings aside, what has flown under the radar is that in the last four years more than 500 children under the age of 12 were killed by guns.
As the war on terror comes home, public spaces have been transformed into war zones as local police forces have taken on the role of an occupying army, especially in poor neighborhoods of color, accentuated by the fact that the police now have access to armored troop carriers, night-vision-equipped rifles, Humvees, M-16 automatic rifles, grenade launchers and other weapons designed for military tactics. (31)
Acting as a paramilitary force, the police have become a new symbol of domestic terrorism, shaking down youth of color and Black communities in general by criminalizing a multitude of behaviors.
The rise of the punishing state and the war on terror has emboldened police forces across the nation and in doing so feeds their use of racist violence against young people of color, resulting in what has been called an "epidemic of police brutality."
Sadly, even children are not immune to such violence, as the killing of 12-year-old Tamir Rice on November 22, 2014, by a white police officer has made clear. Even more tragic is the fact that the City of Cleveland tried to blame the boy for his own death. (33)
Rice was holding a BB gun when he was shot to death by a police officer judged unfit for duty just two years prior.
The killing of Black youth and adults has taken on the image of a cruel sport suggestive of a police force spiraling downward into a form of authoritarianism that merges lawlessness with a dangerous form of militarism. (34)
This was especially true in the stop-and-frisk policies so widespread under former Mayor Michael Bloomberg in New York City. In Ferguson, Missouri, the entire population was subject to a form of legal lawlessness in what can only be described as a practice of racist extortion.
Rather than defined as a population to be protected, the largely Black citizens of Ferguson were arrested and fined for being unable to pay their debts, violating trivial rules such as letting their grass grow too high or jaywalking, all of which made them a prime target for the criminal legal system.
As a result, the police viewed the Black residents of Ferguson "as potential targets for what can only be described as a shake-down operation designed to wring money out of the poorest and most vulnerable by any means they could, and that as a result, the overwhelming majority of Ferguson's citizens had outstanding warrants." (32)
Against the idealistic rhetoric of a government that claims to venerate young people lies the reality of a society that increasingly views youth through the optic of law and order, a society that appears all too willing to treat youth as criminals and when necessary "disappear" them into the farthest reaches of the carceral state.
What are we to make of a society that allows New York City Police Department officers to come into a school and arrest, handcuff and haul off a 12-year-old student for doodling on her desk? (35)
Or, for that matter, school systems that allow a 6-year-old in Georgia and a 5-year-old kindergarten pupil in Florida to be handcuffed and taken to police stations for having tantrums in their classrooms? (36)
Where is the public outrage when two police officers called to a day care center in central Indiana to handle an unruly 10-year-old decide to taser the child? (37) Or when a school administration allows a police officer in Arkansas to use a stun gun to discipline an allegedly out of control 10-year-old girl?
One public response to this incident came from Steve Tuttle, a spokesman for Taser International Inc., who insisted that a "Stun gun can be safely used on children."(38)
Sadly, this is but a small sampling of the ways in which children are being punished instead of educated in US schools, especially inner-city schools.
All of these examples point to the growing social disregard for young people and the number of institutions willing to employ crime-and-punishment measures that together constitute not only a crisis of education, but the emergence of a new mode of politics that Jonathan Simon has called "governing through crime." (39)
Stolen Childhoods
Of course, we have seen this ruthless crime optic in previous historical periods, but at least crime was followed by attempts at reforms and rehabilitation, not revenge, as characterizes the contemporary criminal legal system. (40)
For one historical example of this broader understanding of crime and punishment, I want to turn to Claude Brown, the late African-American novelist, who understood something about this war on youth in its mid-century articulation.
Though his novel, Manchild in the Promised Land, takes place in Harlem in the 1940s and 1950s, there is something to be learned from his autobiographical novel.
Take for example the following passage:
If Reno was in a bad mood - if he didn't have any money and he wasn't high - he'd say, "Man, Sonny, they ain't got no kids in Harlem. I ain't never seen any. I've seen some real small people actin' like kids, but they don't have any kids in Harlem, because nobody has time for a childhood. Man, do you ever remember bein' a kid? Not me. Shit, kids are happy, kids laugh, kids are secure. They ain't scared a nothin'. You ever been a kid, Sonny? Damn, you lucky. I ain't never been a kid, man. I don't ever remember bein' happy and not scared. I don't know what happened, man, but I think I missed out on that childhood thing, because I don't ever recall bein' a kid. (41)
The book is mostly remembered as a brilliant, but devastating portrait of Harlem under siege - a community ravaged and broken by heroin, poverty, unemployment, crime and police brutality.
But what Brown really brought into focus was that the raw violence and dead-end existence that plagued so many young people in Harlem, stole not only their future but their childhood as well.
In the midst of the social collapse and psychological trauma wrought by the systemic fusion of racism and class exploitation, children in Harlem were held hostage to forces that robbed them of the innocence that comes with childhood and forced them to take on the risks and burdens of daily survival that older generations were unable to shield them from.
At the heart of Brown's narrative, written in the midst of the civil rights struggle in the 1960s, is a "manchild," a metaphor that indicts a society that is waging a war on those children who are Black and poor and have been forced to grow up too quickly.
The hybridized concept of "manchild" marked a liminal space in which innocence was lost and childhood stolen, and any meaningful sense of adult agency and autonomy was aggressively compromised.
Harlem was a well-contained, internal colony and its street life provided the conditions and the very necessity for insurrection.
But the many forms of rebellion young people expressed - from the public and progressive to the interiorized and self-destructive - came at a cost, which Brown reveals near the end of the book: "It seemed as though most of the cats that we'd come up with just hadn't made it. Almost everybody was dead or in jail." (42)
Like the great critical theorist, C. Wright Mills, Brown's lasting contribution was to reconfigure the boundaries between public issues and private suffering.
For Brown, racism was about power and oppression - not ignorance, not fear - and could not be separated from broader social, economic and political considerations.
Rather than denying systemic causes of injustice (as did the discourses of individual pathology and self-help), Brown insisted that social forces had to be factored into any understanding of both group suffering and individual despair.
Brown explored the suffering of the young in Harlem, but he did so by utterly refusing to privatize it, or to dramatize and spectacularize private life over public dysfunction, or to separate individual hopes, desires and agency from the realm of politics and public life.
Childhood stolen was not to be salvaged by self-help - that shortsighted and mendacious appeal that would define the reactionary reform efforts of the 1980s and 1990s, from Reagan's hatred of government to Clinton's attack on welfare reform and his "instrumental role in creating one of the world's largest prison systems." (43)
At that time, it was a clarion call for condemning a social order that denied children a viable and life-enhancing present and future.
While Brown approached everyday life in Harlem more as a poet than as a political revolutionary, politics was embedded in every sentence of the book - not a politics marked by demagoguery, hatred and orthodoxy, but one that made visible the damage done by a social system characterized by massive inequalities and a rigid racial divide.
Manchild created the image of a society without children in order to raise questions about the future of a country that had turned its back on its most vulnerable population.
Fifty years later, Brown's metaphor of the "manchild" is more relevant today than when he wrote the book, and "the Promised Land" more prescient than ever as his revelation about the sorry plight of poor children of color takes on a more expansive meaning in light of the current economic meltdown and the dashed hopes of an entire generation now viewed as a generation without hope for a decent future.
Youth today are forced to inhabit a rough world where childhood is nonexistent, and they are crushed under the heavy material and existential burdens they are forced to bear.
Efforts to Break Free
The plight of poor youth of color also extends beyond the severity of material deprivations and violence they experience daily.
Many young people have been forced to view the world and redefine the nature of their own youth within the borders of hopelessness, insecurity and despair.
There is little basis on which to imagine a better future lying just beyond the highly restrictive spaces of commodification and containment.
Neoliberal austerity in social spending means an entire generation of youth will not have access to the decent jobs, material comforts, educational opportunities or security that was available to previous generations.
These are a new generation of youth who have to think, act and talk like adults.
Many must worry about their family members' inability to find work or about the incarceration of a parent.
In the United States, young people are further burdened by registers of extreme poverty that pose the dire challenge of food security and access to even the most basic health care in communities ravaged by those illnesses and special needs that accrue in impoverished conditions.
These young people inhabit a new and more unsettling scene of suffering, a dead zone of the imagination, which constitutes a site of terminal exclusion - one that reveals not only the vast and destabilizing inequalities in neoliberal economic landscapes, but also portends a future that has no purchase on the hope that characterizes a vibrant democracy.
Educators, individuals, artists, intellectuals and various social movements need to make visible both the workings of market fundamentalism "in all of its forms of exploitation whether personal, political, or economic [and they] ... need to reconstruct a platform" and a set of strategies to oppose it. (44)
Clearly, any political formation that matters must challenge the savage social costs that casino capitalism has enacted and work to undue the forms of social, political and economic violence that young people are daily experiencing.
This will demand more than one-day demonstrations.
Urgently needed are new public spheres in which there is a resurgence of public memory, civic literacy and civic courage - that is, a willingness to both "effectively analyze the structures and mechanisms of capitalist power [in order] to formulate a sophisticated political response" and the willingness to build longstanding oppositional movements. (45)
Traces of such movements are beginning to emerge in the United States among fast-food workers and among students protesting crushing debt and police brutality.
These traces are also apparent in the ongoing development of social movements in countries such as Spain and Greece that are rejecting the harsh neoliberal austerity policies imposed by the bankers and global financial elite.
This is a language that says that no society is ever just enough and calls for new collective struggles in the hope of creating a future that refuses to be defined by the dystopian forces now shaping US society.
These reforms are both profound and instructive for the time in which we live because they point to the need to think beyond the given, and to think beyond the distorted, market-based hope offered to us by the advocates of casino capitalism.
Such thinking rooted in the radical imagination is a central goal of civic education, which, in the words of poet Robert Hass, is "to refresh the idea of justice which is going dead in us all the time." (47)
In North America, we are seeing important, though inconclusive, attempts on the part of young people to break the hold of unaccountable governmental and financial power.
This was evident in the Occupy movement, the Quebec student movement, the Idle No More movement and the Black Lives Matter movement.
The New York Times recently reported that people all over the world are losing faith in democracy.
What it missed is that young people are not dissatisfied with democracy but with its absence.
In the United States, there is a new political momentum to reclaim a real democracy, one that provides all Americans with a livable minimum wage or guaranteed income; removes money from politics; reclaims the commons by reversing the pernicious nature of privatization; reins in the ravaging effects of unfettered casino capitalism; abolishes the bogus concept of corporate personhood; dismantles the permanent warfare state; reverses global warming; redistributes wealth in the interest of a vibrant democracy; nationalizes health care; breaks up the banks; eliminates the punishing-mass incarceration state; and eradicates the surveillance state, among other reforms. (46)
Current protests in the United States make clear that young people need to enlist all generations to develop a truly global political movement that is accompanied by the reclaiming of public spaces, the progressive use of digital technologies, the production of new modes of education and the safeguarding of places where democratic expression, new civic values, democratic public spheres, new modes of identification and collective hope can be nurtured and developed.
A formative culture must be put in place pedagogically and institutionally in a variety of spheres extending from churches and public and higher education to all those cultural apparatuses engaged in the production of collective knowledge, desire, identities and democratic values.
Crucial to the success of any collective struggle that matters is the necessity to embrace education as the center of politics and the source of an embryonic vision of the good life outside of the imperatives of unfettered "free-market" capitalism.
There is a need for educators, young people, artists and other cultural workers to develop a language of both critique and hope in which people can address the historical, structural and ideological conditions at the core of the violence being waged by the corporate and repressive state, and to make clear that government increasingly subsumed by global market sovereignty is no longer responsive to the most basic needs of young people.
Nowhere will this struggle be more difficult than on the education front, a front in which a long-term organizing effort will have to take place to change consciousness, convince people that capitalism and democracy are not the same thing - and indeed are often in conflict - offer up a new vision of democracy, and create the ideological and collective momentum to create a broad-based social movement that moves beyond single-issue politics.
The issue of who gets to define the future, share in the nation's wealth, shape the parameters of the social state, steward and protect the globe's resources and create a formative culture for producing engaged and socially responsible members of society is not a rhetorical issue.
This challenge offers up new categories for defining how matters of representations, education, economic justice and politics are to be defined and fought over. This is a difficult task, but what we are seeing in cities such as New York, Athens, Quebec, Paris, Madrid and other sites of massive inequality throughout the world is the beginning of a long struggle for the institutions, values and infrastructures that make communities the center of a robust, radical democracy.
We live at a time in which it is more crucial than ever to imagine a future that does not repeat the present.
Given the urgency of the problems we face - mounting economic inequality, creeping disenfranchisement, the rise of the incarceration state, entrenched racism, the expanding surveillance state, the threat of nuclear destruction, ecological devastation and in the United States, the collapse of democratic governance - I think it is all the more crucial to take seriously the challenge of Jacques Derrida's provocation: "We must do and think the impossible. If only the possible happened, nothing more would happen. If I only did what I can do, I wouldn't do anything." (48)
My friend, the late Howard Zinn, got it right in his insistence that hope is the willingness "to hold out, even in times of pessimism, the possibility of surprise." (49)
History is open, and the space of the possible is larger than the one on display.
Footnotes
1. Hannah Arendt, The Origins of Totalitarianism, (Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, New York: 2001).
2. See, for instance, Andre Spicer, "Adults with colouring books, kids with CVs - it's a world turned upside down," The Guardian (April 8, 2015). Online:http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/apr/08/adults-colouring-books-kids-cvs-lego-children
3. According to a Princeton University Study, American is not a democracy but has devolved into an oligarchy controlled by a financial elite. See, for instance, Martin Gilens and Benjamin I. Page, "Testing Theories of American Politics: Elites, Interest Groups, and Average Citizens," Perspectives on Politics, 12:3 (September 2014). Online: http://journals.cambridge.org/download.php?file=%2FPPS%2FPPS12_03%2FS1537592714001595a.pdf&code=1a1bc2717f1d6a1491f4e05f6aebbcf2
4. Angela Y. Davis, Abolition Democracy: Beyond Empire, Prisons, and Torture, (New York: Seven Stories Press, 2005), p. 91.
5. This theme is taken up powerfully by a number of theorists. See C. Wright Mills,The Sociological Imagination (New York: Oxford University Press, 2000); Richard Sennett, The Fall of Public Man (New York: Norton, 1974); Zygmunt Bauman, In Search of Politics (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1999); and Henry A. Giroux,Public Spaces, Private Lives (Lanham: Rowman and Littlefield, 2001).
6. J.F. Conway, "Quebec: Making War on Our Children," Socialist Project, E-Bulletin No. 651, (June 10, 2012). Online:http://www.socialistproject.ca/bullet/651.php
7. Jennifer M. Silva, "Young and Isolated," International New York Times (June 22, 2013). Online: http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/06/22/young-and-isolated/?_r=0
8. Zygmunt Bauman, On Education, (Cambridge, UK: Polity Press, 2012), p. 46.
9. Zygmunt Bauman, This Is Not A Diary, (Cambridge, UK: Polity Press, 2012), p. 64
10. Guy Standing, The Precariat: The New Dangerous Class, (London, Bloomsbury Academic, 2011).
11. Sara Mojtehedzadeh, "Q&A with precarious work expert Guy Standing," The Toronto Star, (April 09, 2015). Online:http://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2015/04/09/qa-with-precarious-work-expert-guy-standing.html
12. Chip Ward, "America Gone Wrong: A Slashed Safety Net Turns Libraries into Homeless Shelters," TomDispatch.com (April 2, 2007). Online:http://www.alternet.org/story/50023
13. Alain Badiou, The Rebirth of History, trans. Gregory Elliott (London: Verso, 2012), pp. 18-19
14. Matt Taibbi, "After Laundering $800 Million in Drug Money, How Did HSBC Executives Avoid Jail?" Democracy Now! (December 13, 2012). Online:http://www.democracynow.org/2012/12/13/matt_taibbi_after_laundering_800_million
15. George Joseph, "Exclusive: Feds Regularly Monitored Black Lives Matter Since Ferguson," The Intercept (July 24, 2015). Online:https://theintercept.com/2015/07/24...monitoring-black-lives-matter-since-ferguson/
16. See, for example, David Garland, The Culture of Control: Crime and Social Order in Contemporary Society (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2002); Jonathan Simon, Governing Through Crime: How the War on Crime Transformed American Democracy and Created a Culture of Fear (New York: Oxford University Press, 2009); Henry A. Giroux, The Violence of Organized Forgetting (San Francisco: City Lights, 2014); Brad Evans and Henry A. Giroux, Disposable Futures: The Seduction of Violence in the Age of the Spectacle (San Francisco: City Lights, 2015).
17. Quoted in Jean-Marie Durand, "For Youth: A Disciplinary Discourse Only,"Truthout (November 15, 2009), trans. Leslie Thatcher. Online:http://www.truthout.org/11190911
18. Jennifer M. Silva, Coming Up Short: Working-Class Adulthood In An Age of Uncertainty, (Oxford Press, New York, NY, 2013), 10
19. Alexander Reed Kelly, "David Graeber: 'There Has Been a War on the Human Imagination,'" Truthdig, (August 12, 2013). Online:http://www.truthdig.com/avbooth/item/david_graeber_there_has_been_a_war_on_the_human_imagination_20130812/
20. Steve Straehley," Somalia Ratifies Rights of Children Treaty, Leaving United States as only Holdout," AllGov.com (October 04, 2015), Online:http://www.allgov.com/news/us-and-t...ted-states-as-only-holdout-151004?news=857561
21. Zygmunt Bauman, "Introduction and in Search of Public Space," In Search of Politics (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1999), p. 8.
22. Quoted in Jean-Marie Durand, "For Youth: A Disciplinary Discourse Only,"Truthout (November 15, 2009), trans. Leslie Thatcher. Online:http://www.truthout.org/11190911
23. Zygmunt Bauman, Consuming Life (London: (London: Polity, 2007), p. 6.
24. Zygmunt Bauman and David Lyons, Liquid Surveillance, (Cambridge, UK: Polity Press, 2013), pp. 54.
25. Erica Goode, "Many in US Are Arrested by Age 23, Study Finds," The New York Times (December 19, 2011). Online:http://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/19/u...d-by-23-study-says.html?_r=1&pagewanted=print
26. Reuters, "45% Struggle in US to Make Ends Meet," MSNBC: Business Stocks and Economy (November 22, 2011). Online:http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/45407937/ns/business-stocks_and_economy/#.T3SxhDEgd8E
27. See: http://www.bls.gov/news.release/youth.nr0.htm
28. Lindsey Tanner, "Half of US Kids Will Get Food Stamps, Study Says," The Associated Press (November 2, 2009). Online: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/11/02/food-stamps-will-feed-hal_n_342834.html
29. Daily Mail Reporter, "These kids don't expect to lead a full life': Fears for Chicago teens as fatal shootings in city outnumber US troops killed in Afghanistan,"Mail Online, UK (June 19, 2012). Online: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/art...hot-dead-Chicago-killed-duty-Afghanistan.html
30. As Nicholas Kristof points out: It's not just occasional mass shootings like the one at an Oregon college ... but a continuous deluge of gun deaths, an average of 92 every day in America. Since 1970, more Americans have died from guns than died in all US wars going back to the American Revolution. If that doesn't make you flinch, consider this: In America, more preschoolers are shot dead each year (82 in 2013) than police officers are in the line of duty (27 in 2013), according to figures from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the FBI. See, Nicholas Kristof, "A New Way to Tackle Gun Deaths," The New York Times (October 3, 2015). Online:http://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/04/o...deaths.html?smid=tw-nytopinion&smtyp=cur&_r=0
31. Taylor Wofford, "How America's Police Became an Army: The 1033 Program,"Newsweek (August 13, 2014). Online: http://www.newsweek.com/how-americas-police-became-army-1033-program-264537
32. David Graeber, "Ferguson and the Criminalization of American Life," Gawker(March 19, 2015). Online: http://gawker.com/ferguson-and-the-criminalization-of-american-life-1692392051
33. Oliver Laughland, "Tamir Rice 'directly and proximately' responsible for own police shooting death, says city," The Guardian (March 1, 2015). Online:http://www.theguardian.com/us-news/...mately-responsible-police-shooting-death-city
34. Rich Juzwiak and Aleksander Chan, "Unarmed People of Color Killed by Police, 1999-2014," Gawker (December 8, 2014). Online: http://gawker.com/unarmed-people-of-color-killed-by-police-1999-2014-1666672349
35. Rachel Monahan, "Queens Girl Alexa Gonzalez Hauled Out of School in Handcuffs after Getting Caught Doodling on Desk," New York Daily News(February 4, 2010). Online: http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york...ndcuffs-caught-doodling-desk-article-1.194141
36. Rene Lynch, "Kindergartner Throws Tantruym at School, Is Handcuffed by Police," Los Angeles Times (April 17, 2012), Online:http://articles.latimes.com/2012/apr/17/nation/la-na-nn-six-year-old-handcuffed-20120417; and Antoinette Campbell, "Police Handcuff 6-year-old Student in Georgia," CNN.com (April 17, 2012), Online:http://www.cnn.com/2012/04/17/justice/georgia-student-handcuffed/index.html. See also Robert Winnett, "Californian 5-year-old Handcuffed and Charged with Battery," The Telegraph (November 25, 2011). Online:http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/wor...-old-handcuffed-and-charged-with-battery.html
37. The Associated Press, "Officers Suspended after Using Taser on 10-year-old,"CBC News (April 1, 2010), Online:http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/story/2010/04/01/police-indiana-taser-daycare.html. More recently, see The Huffington Post, "Boy 'Recklessly' Tasered by Police Officer During Career Day, Lawsuit Says," October 31, 2012, Online:http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/10/31/10-year-old-tasered-new-mexico_n_2050463.html
38. Quoted in Carly Everson, "Ind. Officer Uses Stun Gun on Unruly 10-Year old,"The Associated Press (April 3, 2010). Online:http://hosted.ap.org/dynamic/storie...HILD?SITE=FLPLA&SECTION=HOME&TEMPLATE=DEFAULT
39. Jonathan Simon, Governing Through Crime: How the War on Crime Transformed American Democracy and Created a Culture of Fear (New York: Oxford University Press, 2007), p. 5.
40. See, for instance, Matt Taibbi, The Divide: American Injustice in the Age the Great Wealth Gap (New York: Spiegel & Grau, 2014)
41. Claude Brown, Manchild in the Promised Land (New York: Signet Books, 1965).
42. Ibid., p. 419.
43. Jeff Stein, "The Clinton Dynasty's Horrific Legacy: More Drug War, More Prisons," Salon (April 2015), http://www.alternet.org/drugs/clinton-dynasty-horrific-legacy-more-drug-war-more-prisons
44. Chris Hedges, "Tariq Ali: The Time Is Right for a Palace Revolution," Truthdig(March 1, 2015). Online:http://www.truthdig.com/report/item/tariq_ali_the_time_is_right_for_a_palace_revolution_20150301
45. Ibid.
46. I have borrowed many of these ideas from the National Endowment for American Renewal. See the NEAR Foundation Agenda at http://n-e-a-r.org/a-broad-agenda/
47. Robert Hass cited in Sarah Pollock, "Robert Hass," Mother Jones (March/April, 1992), p. 22.
48. Jacques Derrida, "No One is Innocent: A Discussion with Jacques About Philosophy in the Face of Terror," The Information Technology, War and Peace Project, p. 2 available online:http://www.watsoninstitute.org/infopeace/911/derrida_innocence.html
49. Howard Zinn, A People's History of the United States (New York: Harper Perennial; Reprint edition, 2003), p. 634.
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Feel free to post links of your own so long as it still answers the OP of constructive ways of solving some of the damaging things happening to our Nation.
If you read the above article [MENTION=680]just me[/MENTION] , you would see that it doesn’t just blame one side…it does in fact lay blame on Obama and Clinton as well as Reagan and Bush.
I am being representative of what I feel is important to me and my own opinions, I made the OP VERY clear at to what I expected from this thread.
I also asked kindly that people don’t come on here to start arguments.
What were you hoping to accomplish by coming on my thread and telling me in not so many words that I’m not being representative of reality?
It’s insulting.
So contribute or leave, because I’m done with the comments (specifically YOU) from the peanut gallery.
If indeed I am not being fully representative I am more than happy to look at any links you provide disproving anything I have posted here.
If they are indeed wrong, I would like to know.
However, if you just don’t like my political stance - I really don’t care - because I don’t like yours either.
Let’s leave it at that.
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constructive ways of solving some of the damaging things happening to our Nation
blame
Forgive me, but would you listen to constructive ways to help our country without the blame? Without all the negativity? Without all the copy and paste? Words from your own mouth?
I would.
blame
Forgive me, but would you listen to constructive ways to help our country without the blame? Without all the negativity? Without all the copy and paste? Words from your own mouth?
I would.
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So then it is that you just don’t like my political viewpoint and opinions.
I asked you for facts and proof and links proving ANY of it wrong - where are they?
You don’t think that people should be held accountable for the terrible misdeeds they have done?
Let’s just bury our heads in the sand and stick with the status quo - that is working so well for us!
Again…don’t come on my thread to entice an argument…I made that clear I wasn’t going to turn this into a debate thread in the OP, I have made that clear AGAIN to you, and again you don’t leave it be.
No one is forcing you to read my posts you silly man.
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Not exactly along the lines of taking it back, but more about what could be done differently...
Grading people strictly in school... it seems kind of wrong that a person who makes a genuine effort would be disciplined by getting bad grades. Honestly, I think a lot of people start to give up after that, or stop taking their education as seriously. There is such a thing as constructive criticism or having somebody go back and make changes to what they've done, like in a written paper. I'm sure there's still a way to make somebody feel good about doing well and not making others feel inadequate and lessening the chance that they'll try to go farther and be involved in their own education. Then again, that would require a reprioritization toward giving students more individual attention.
Grading people strictly in school... it seems kind of wrong that a person who makes a genuine effort would be disciplined by getting bad grades. Honestly, I think a lot of people start to give up after that, or stop taking their education as seriously. There is such a thing as constructive criticism or having somebody go back and make changes to what they've done, like in a written paper. I'm sure there's still a way to make somebody feel good about doing well and not making others feel inadequate and lessening the chance that they'll try to go farther and be involved in their own education. Then again, that would require a reprioritization toward giving students more individual attention.
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How would you like me to act? Would you like control of my strings?
Silly man!
Facts and proof are not always available to the public. Ask Hillary Clinton. I think people should be held accountable when they are party to murderings. Start with her.
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How do we take back the US and the world from big money, big corporations, big politics, warmongers, psychopaths?
It has finally brought me to tears tonight as I watched the Daily Show...I guess it has been a gradual building of frustration and I finally snapped.
On the show they had Matt Taibbi talking about his new book ‘The Divide’...not the wealth divide in the normal sense that we may think, but the divide in our criminal justice system...mostly here in the US...but I’m sure it’s becoming more and more similar in other regions of the world.
He used the example of several big banks who laundered cartel drug money...they were caught red-handed and yet...they paid fines...nothing to them.
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/avinash-tharoor/banks-cartel-money-laundering_b_4619464.html
Meanwhile, a guy was prosecuted and spent 90+ days in jail for walking down the street smoking a joint...probably pot supplied by those very cartels.
The bankers drive their Maserati’s and live in their penthouse apartments, hand each other ridiculous bonuses, all with money that has basically been stolen from the average Joe. The sub-prime mortgages that they sold to little old ladies under false pretenses are different than a phone scammer selling fake magazine subscriptions how?
And yet, NO ONE has done anything to stop them.
It’s the very same thing at the hospital I work...
Right before Christmas last year they laid off 500 employees, mostly housekeeping staff, minor support roles...while they were patting each other on the back and giving hundreds of thousands of dollars, even millions in bonuses to the Administrative staff - themselves.
http://www.oregonlive.com/news/oreg...sf/2013/08/steve_duin_that_healing_touch.html
Have we all gone insane to ignore such things? CEO pay has gone up to disgusting amounts (http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs...king-273-times-the-pay-of-the-average-worker/) while the working class has seen nothing but stagnation.
If you combine stagnating pay with inflation, the cost of food, gasoline, health care, rent, education, etc., etc. we have seen our average pay worth less and less.
All of the protections that the working class once had have been systematically torn down...union are being busted (not that they have had any real power since Reagan fired the Air Traffic Controllers for striking in the 80’s), retirement programs are nonexistent, pensions are a joke now, even the money that you think is safe in our “new” form or retirement the 401-K/403-B plans get raided and raped by the big banks ever since the regulations that stated specifically banks and investment houses MUST be separate (my Mom lost a huge part of her retirement when the banks collapsed in 2009/10).
They have deregulated and privatized everything they possibly could get their hands on...not because competition is good for business, but because it makes THEM the most money...it is theft, pure and simple.
In the 1950’s and 60’s one could go to college for FREE....in the 70’s you could work a part-time minimum wage job and afford to pay your tuition...then came the deregulation in the 80’s under the guise that competition would actually LOWER tuition rates for students - is that what happened? A resounding “NO!”.
"Since 1981 the list price level of tuition and fees has risen sixfold while the consumer price index has only increased two-and-a-half times.” -http://www.forbes.com/2010/08/01/ri...nions-best-colleges-10-feldman-archibald.html
The price of a university education has systematically “dumbed down” America and left the next generation starting a life after school with crushing debt.."Average Student Debt Climbs To $29,400, Up 63 Percent In Less Than A Decade” - http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/12/04/average-student-debt-2012_n_4380946.html
It was the Baby Boomer generation who got us in this mess, who created the national debt, who spend more money on warmongering than any other country in the world - Every hour, taxpayers in the United States are paying $10.17 million for Cost of War in Afghanistan Since 2001.
Every hour, taxpayers in the United States are paying $365,297 for Cost of War in Iraq Since 2003.
Every hour, taxpayers in the United States are paying $10.54 million for Total Cost of Wars Since 2001.
http://nationalpriorities.org/cost-of/
And yet...we cannot feed and clothe our poor? We cannot educate our nation? We cannot provide healthcare for all?
And then we hear how the subsequent generations are LAZY...because kids graduating college have to live at home with their parents...really?!
Who created that situation for them? Who raised them? Who destroyed any practical social benefit once enjoyed in the name of GREED?
We send young men and women to foreign countries and stick our noses in business that we have no real right to stick it in...the politicians, sitting in their cushy leather chairs in air-conditioned offices, send our KIDS to fight and die so OIL prices can be maintained at an already bullshit inflated rate...they are dying so fat cat politicians and banksters and corporations can make higher profits! And war is big business for American corporations...they make BILLIONS and BILLIONS in profits while people die...our kids...people who have nothing to do with the conflict at all die...innocents.
http://www.usatoday.com/story/money...10-companies-profiting-most-from-war/1970997/
I once had the opportunity to train at the Grossman Burn Center in souther California...and helped do facial reconstruction surgery on a 6 year old boy burned in the Iraq War over 90% of his body...he will NEVER, NEVER just be able to be a little boy...to play as a child should...how all children should.
(excuse me, I need to compose myself...more tears)
Okay...a cigarette fixed it all...lol.
Now we have a congress that cuts programs for the poor at every turn possible...while continuing to give HUGE tax cuts to giant corporations that by no means need tax incentives...they even get patted on the back for sheltering moneys offshore!
It isn’t just fiction that the 1% pays a lower tax rate than your average working class person...it is factual.
http://www.cbsnews.com/news/25-of-m...-than-many-middle-class-americans-study-says/
Why? Why? Why?
Because they can...because this country has systematically stolen our Democracy and handed it to anyone who antes up.
With the Citizen’s United decision in the supreme court that says corporations are people, and now the McCutcheon v FEC decision that says individual donors have no limit to their donations we have securely taken the vote out of the hands of the average American.
http://www.washingtonpost.com/opini...d50720-be80-11e3-9ee7-02c1e10a03f0_story.html
I’m sorry, but corporations are NOT fucking people...they are businesses. Even a 4 year old can tell you that.
There are reasons why there were laws governing how much money is allowed in political races and politics in general...because it is abused.
Who has more political sway? Your average working class Joe who cannot really afford to make political donations because he has to feed his/her family...or a Billionaire who now can make unlimited donations? They can both vote sure...but who will the political winner be beholden to? His constituents or his donors?
The answer is obvious. And those who can and do make such donations DO hold them accountable...in the name of profits, usually at the expense of the working class and poor.
That pretty solidly eliminates what should be a Democracy.
We are now a Corporatocracy.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corporatocracy
“- is a term used as an economic and political system controlled by corporations or corporate interests.[SUP][1][/SUP] It is a generally pejorative term often used by critics of the current economic situation in a particular country, especially the United States.”
How did this happen to us? How could we just sit back and let the profiteers take over like they have?
No one...not a single person who contributed to the bank crash has seen jail time...not a single person...even those who have been found grossly negligent, or worse purposefully criminal.
I don’t want my Son to grow us in this world if this is all he has to look forward to.
"Yale professor and economist Robert J. Shiller, who was among three Americans who won the Nobel prize for economics in 2013, believes that rising economic inequality in the United States and other countries is "the most important problem that we are facing now today."
"Conservatives like to say that "a rising tide lifts all boats." In other words, if an executive makes $20 million a year, his income will eventually trickle down into the rest of the economy and ultimately benefit poor people.But that theory hasn't exactly proven true. The highest-earning 20 percent of Americans have been making more and more over the past 40 years. Yet no other boats have risen; in fact, they're sinking. Over the same 40 years, the lowest-earning 60 percent of Americans have been making less and less."
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/02/06/rich-richer_n_4731408.html
Top 1% own 38.1%
Top 96-99% own 21.3%
Top 90-95% own 11.5%
And it gets much uglier as you proceed downward. Bottom 40% of population has 0.2% of all wealth.
So the reason I decided to finally compile most of this together (and believe me there is SO MUCH MORE I could post concerning this issue) is because I personally feel helpless...but I don’t want to be...I want to fight it...I want to make it better, if not for me, then for my Son and his children.
I need thoughts and ideas on what we can do.
You can throw your political ideology in here if you like, but that isn’t the point of this thread...I don’t really care if you disagree with what I have posted.
I am NOT going to debate you on the state of politics and my own viewpoint.
I want constructive ways to fix what has been broken.
I am asking for your help.
Thank you.
I read the OP. Isn't Clinton a perfect example of what you are talking about? They are hiding much more than they are leaking.
Blaming the baby boomer generation is theoretically wrong. I would suggest, if it isn't breaking your rules to Your thread on the internet, you prepare legal documents it would require in a court of law before pouring gasoline on a fire.
A soft answer turneth away wrath; But a grievous word stirreth up anger. Proverbs 15:1
http://beforeitsnews.com/tea-party/2015/06/hillary-withheld-emails-on-benghazi-libyan-oil-altered-others-to-downplay-sharia-2555648.html
I personally cannot prove this.
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How would you like me to act? Would you like control of my strings?
Silly man!
Facts and proof are not always available to the public. Ask Hillary Clinton. I think people should be held accountable when they are party to murderings. Start with her.
So we should hold Hilary accountable for the death of 4-5 people in that consulate but we shouldn't hold Bush accountable for his drummed up wars that destabilized the middle-east, killed millions of innocents, wasted our tax dollars, collapsing our economy, not to mention the price the Vets or those who died paid?
So endless Benghazi hearings costing us billions and billions of dollars is the answer?
When people like McCarthy from CA say in so many words that this has been dragged through the mud to lower Hilary’s numbers?
When people like Trey Goudy heading up the hearing is being investigated himself for withholding e-mails he’s supposed to be bringing to light?
http://crooksandliars.com/2015/10/after-gowdy-caught-lie-he-runs-politico
Do you have any clue how many consulate attacks the US has had over the years? Many more devastating in the loss of life than this one.
The first 10 hearings didn’t find any wrong doing….why would the next 10?
BTW- I highly suggest you and anyone else who is blowing Benghazi out of proportion to look at the history of attacks under all the presidents.
It’s very fitting that someone named McCarthy is the one who sunk the GOPs attempt to smear someone.
Let’s play fair politics on both sides.
Let’s have no more electoral college and count every vote - a popular vote, and then we’ll see what the people really want.
Oh wow, thanks for the link.
I guess we will find out for sure when the GOP concludes the 143 annual Benghazi circus side-show.
Legal documents? WTF are you getting at?
And just so you know, you can start your own threads too if you disagree with what I post.
Please don’t read me proverbs or scriptures, I am very familiar with them - Pull the beam from your own eye.
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I grew up in small town rural usa during the 60's and 70's. Making an A was the only goal...according to pretty much everyone I met....especially my parents. I dutifully made the minimum effort to get an "A" and in doing so endured all sorts of traumas in the form of shame, blame, guilt, and being not worthy.
Still....my time in school was nothing as to how it is today. Public schools PreK through 12th grades are insane now as they push these Tests that have nothing to do what they're allegedly learning within in each discipline.
When I began college I was fortunate to have professors who taught such as you describe. There was no competition between the classmates - no competition with what the professor thought either. The only emphasis was Critical Reasoning and Intuition. This was so mind expanding and empowering for me.....and for all the students in those days.
We had a large diverse student population as well...and I clearly remember the day someone burned an effigy of Allah in the engineering student square. Whew.... fights broke out and one of my very old professors got knocked about as he waded into the fray. We had many many students coming from the middle eastern countries and American engineers were being threatened for job security. Competition is at the heart of our issues.
Man...those were the days...
So I wholeheartedly agree with you about removing the idea of judgement in learning and competition in the class room. Children DO give up - then get medicated - then die a bit inside their hearts as spirit ebbs away.
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@just me
What about this?
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bush_White_House_email_controversy
But by all means, let’s continue to beat the dead horse of Hilary's e-mails, but then we should investigate Bush/Cheney for their misdeeds and e-mail inconsistencies too.
Or what about the fact that the US tortured (and probably still does), and did so publicly in many instances?
And where were the torches and pitchforks for Reagan when he was president under two far more deadly consulate attacks in our history?
One of the biggest attacks was under Clinton - and yet, nothing came of that either.
So now you see why it looks like they are trying to throw her under the bus?
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attacks_on_U.S._diplomatic_facilities
As Jeb said - “Stuff happens” right?
The issue of Hilary’s e-mail is a red herring, there are far more important things to focus on right now.
Tell me…what are you going to do if you if she gets elected President? Or if Bernie Sanders gets elected?
What about this?
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bush_White_House_email_controversy
But by all means, let’s continue to beat the dead horse of Hilary's e-mails, but then we should investigate Bush/Cheney for their misdeeds and e-mail inconsistencies too.
Or what about the fact that the US tortured (and probably still does), and did so publicly in many instances?
And where were the torches and pitchforks for Reagan when he was president under two far more deadly consulate attacks in our history?
One of the biggest attacks was under Clinton - and yet, nothing came of that either.
So now you see why it looks like they are trying to throw her under the bus?
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attacks_on_U.S._diplomatic_facilities
As Jeb said - “Stuff happens” right?
The issue of Hilary’s e-mail is a red herring, there are far more important things to focus on right now.
Tell me…what are you going to do if you if she gets elected President? Or if Bernie Sanders gets elected?
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Skarekrow
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A very thoughtful post, K. : )
Our education system, in a nutshell:
Having been married to a teacher and been in long-term relationships with two others (what can I say, I like them educated ;-))
I find our education system very disheartening to say the least.
Luckily my Son (about to turn 12 on Halloween) was able to get into the Magnet Art School 6-12 which is one of the only schools in SW Washington to be ranked in the top 10 for each state.
They had one Friday, where they went from each class like normal, but each class taught them a different dance that day instead of academics - I appreciate that shit!
The school has a waiting list but they have a day where anyone can come and challenge a spot and they pick around 100 student that were not on the waiting list but are great students and have an interest in the arts - he was lucky enough to be chosen.
Anyhow…enough about my pride in my child ;-)
There is definitely more teaching to the test….more kids held back because the rest of the class is struggling…and it seems that critical thinking is discouraged now.
As if…they are preparing our children to learn to sit at a desk and do paperwork all day without asking why? Hmmmmm?
Then if you are disruptive…even in a critical manner - something is wrong with you - give them some meds.
Very sad.
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MORE WASTED TAX DOLLARS!!!
REPUBLICAN TREY GOWDY FORCED TO ADMIT HE FOUND NOTHING ON HILLARY
IN 11 HOUR HEARING
[video=youtube;5SWUc6B9F-w]https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=5SWUc6B9F-w[/video]
11 hours, and lots and lots of temper tantrums later, exactly jack sh*t has been “discovered” about the “truth” that Republicans insist is somewhere out there hiding from the rest of us.
How badly do Republicans have to shoot themselves in the genitals with this stuff before they beg for mercy?
But anyway, sweating, stuttering and him-hawing around the subject, he was forced to basically admit he found not a damn thing when he was asked this directly.
IN 11 HOUR HEARING
[video=youtube;5SWUc6B9F-w]https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=5SWUc6B9F-w[/video]
11 hours, and lots and lots of temper tantrums later, exactly jack sh*t has been “discovered” about the “truth” that Republicans insist is somewhere out there hiding from the rest of us.
How badly do Republicans have to shoot themselves in the genitals with this stuff before they beg for mercy?
But anyway, sweating, stuttering and him-hawing around the subject, he was forced to basically admit he found not a damn thing when he was asked this directly.
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Look at what Bolivia is doing! The Plurinational Legislative Assembly is their government. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plurinational_Legislative_Assembly
We are returning to balance and harmony with our environment. This effectively kicks the Earth Rapers out of their country. Yes!
[h=1]Bolivia passes “Law of Mother Earth” which gives rights to our planet as a living system[/h] By ADMIN May 14, 2015 NEWS
The Law of Mother Earth (“Ley de Derechos de La Madre Tierra”) holds the land as sacred and holds it as a living system with rights to be protected from exploitation, and creates 11 distinguished rights for the environment.
It was passed by Bolivia’s Plurinational Legislative Assembly. This 10 article law is derived from the first part of a longer draft bill, drafted and released by the Pact of Unity by November 2010. Can we please spread this law? There has to be a way for the free market to interoperate with reverence for this planet. Period.
In accordance with the philosophy of Pachamama, it states, “She is sacred, fertile and the source of life that feeds and cares for all living beings in her womb. She is in permanent balance, harmony and communication with the cosmos. She is comprised of all ecosystems and living beings, and their self-organisation.”
“It makes world history. Earth is the mother of all,” said Vice-President Alvaro GarcÃa Linera. “It establishes a new relationship between man and nature, the harmony of which must be preserved as a guarantee of its regeneration.”
The law enumerates seven specific rights to which Mother Earth and her constituent life systems, including human communities, are entitled to:
We are returning to balance and harmony with our environment. This effectively kicks the Earth Rapers out of their country. Yes!
[h=1]Bolivia passes “Law of Mother Earth” which gives rights to our planet as a living system[/h] By ADMIN May 14, 2015 NEWS
The Law of Mother Earth (“Ley de Derechos de La Madre Tierra”) holds the land as sacred and holds it as a living system with rights to be protected from exploitation, and creates 11 distinguished rights for the environment.
It was passed by Bolivia’s Plurinational Legislative Assembly. This 10 article law is derived from the first part of a longer draft bill, drafted and released by the Pact of Unity by November 2010. Can we please spread this law? There has to be a way for the free market to interoperate with reverence for this planet. Period.
In accordance with the philosophy of Pachamama, it states, “She is sacred, fertile and the source of life that feeds and cares for all living beings in her womb. She is in permanent balance, harmony and communication with the cosmos. She is comprised of all ecosystems and living beings, and their self-organisation.”
“It makes world history. Earth is the mother of all,” said Vice-President Alvaro GarcÃa Linera. “It establishes a new relationship between man and nature, the harmony of which must be preserved as a guarantee of its regeneration.”
The law enumerates seven specific rights to which Mother Earth and her constituent life systems, including human communities, are entitled to:
- To life: It is the right to the maintenance of the integrity of life systems and natural processes which sustain them, as well as the capacities and conditions for their renewal
- To the Diversity of Life: It is the right to the preservation of the differentiation and variety of the beings that comprise Mother Earth, without being genetically altered, nor artificially modified in their structure, in such a manner that threatens their existence, functioning and future potential
- To water: It is the right of the preservation of the quality and composition of water to sustain life systems and their protection with regards to contamination, for renewal of the life of Mother Earth and all its components
- To clean air: It is the right of the preservation of the quality and composition of air to sustain life systems and their protection with regards to contamination, for renewal of the life of Mother Earth and all its components
- To equilibrium: It is the right to maintenance or restoration of the inter-relation, interdependence, ability to complement and functionality of the components of Mother Earth, in a balanced manner for the continuation of its cycles and the renewal of its vital processes
- To restoration: It is the right to the effective and opportune restoration of life systems affected by direct or indirect human activities
- To live free of contamination: It is the right for preservation of Mother Earth and any of its components with regards to toxic and radioactive waste generated by human activities
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Hacktivist Group Anonymous Promises To De-Hood 1,000 KKK Members
Last year, Anonymous responded to the Ku Klux Klan’s threats toward peaceful Ferguson protesters by “de-hooding” a sizeable portion of the hate group. #OpKKK not only tormented racists by revealing who they are but led to the hacktivists knocking numerous Klan websites offline and even stealing the “white Christian organization’s” Twitter account.
Fearing “real danger” as a result of the outings, many members decided to quit the Klan for fear that their reputations may be damaged and harm may come to them.
Recently, the Klan reawakened the hackers’ interest when one of its meth-mouthed degenerate slimeballs harassed a friend of some members of the group on Twitter.
Conover Kennard, the proprietor of the FreakOutNation blog, regularly deals with threats – but one individual calling himself “Thomas Klan” went a bit too far in his mission to defame and destroy her, creating numerous fake accounts to troll her, harassing her friends, and making numerous threats toward the former model turned liberal shit-stirrer.
After witnessing the harassment, Anonymous activist “Amped Attacks” began taking down KKK web sites.
But Thomas Klan continued to threaten both Kennard and Anonymous after the sites fell victim to the hacktivists’ attacks.
So, for days, Klan websites kept disappearing until, ultimately, Thomas Klan’s Twitter account was finally banned.
Kennard says that her friends in Anonymous have decided to “identify 1,000 members of the Ku Klux Klan” after the hackers gained access to one of the hate group’s accounts.
From the account, they were able to unmask several members of the Cracker Squad.
“We’ve gained access to yet another KKK Twitter account,” writes @Operation_KKK, a Twitter handle that should be familiar to anyone who was paying attention during the first round of #OpKKK. “Using the info obtained, we will be revealing about 1000 klan member identities.”
As evidence, the account tweeted out one member’s identity:
In a press release, the hacktivists announced the new operation:
When people are faced with grave injustices, those cries do not go unheard.
Ku Klux Klan, We never stopped watching you.
We know who you are.
We know the dangerous extent to which you will go to cover your asses.
Originally, we did not attack you for your beliefs as we fight for freedom of speech.
We attacked you due to your threats to use lethal force in the Ferguson protests.
We took this grudge between us rather seriously.
You continue to threaten anons and others.
We never said we would only strike once.
The anons involved in this operation still believe you no longer particularly deserve the right to Freedom of Speech and Freedom to Assemble but that is not up to us.
Let us make this especially clear: We are not oppressing you, Ku Klux Klan.
We are not here to strip you of your Freedom of Speech.
Anonymous will never strip you of any of your Constitutional rights.
There is no “hate speech” exception to the Constitution.
In a free society, we do have a duty to protect free thought, even when especially offensive.
Your hateful ideas and words remain yours to keep.
You are allowed to speak and in kind, we are allowed to respond.
You are legally free to live and be any which way you choose to live and be.
Keep in mind, it is not illegal nor oppressive to hurt your feelings.
With that said — We are stripping you of your anonymity.
Again.
This is our protected speech.
After closely observing so many of you for so very long, we feel confident that applying transparency to your organizational cells is the right, just, appropriate and only course of action.
You are abhorrent.
Criminal.
You are more than extremists.
You are more than a hate group.
You operate much more like terrorists and you should be recognized as such.
You are terrorists that hide your identities beneath sheets and infiltrate society on every level.
The privacy of the Ku Klux Klan no longer exists in cyberspace.
You’ve had blood on your hands for nearly 200 years.
You continue to inflict civil rights violations, commit violent crimes and solicit others to commit violent criminal acts.
You seek to intimidate and/or eliminate those that are different from you and those that you dislike by any means possible.
You seek to terrorize anyone and anything that you feel is a threat to your narrow view of the “American way of life”.
The last time we took your hoods off, you claimed to be misunderstood.
Victimized.
No.
You are a damaged, dangerous, fragmented, splintered and amorphous collection of terroristic cells with a hate-based ideology and a well documented history of violence against the American public — assault, murder, terrorism.
You play a deep, damaging and historically sinister and malevolent role in the United States.
We understand you far too well.
You made a clear and ever present enemy of Anonymous when you threatened the lives of protesters and the men and women representing Anonymous on the ground in Ferguson, Missouri in November of 2014.
You continue to make threats to anons you believe you have identified, journalists, anyone in the public that speaks out against your behavior.
Your threats and intimidation are unprovoked, unwanted and will not be tolerated.
Enough is enough.
You once told Anonymous that we awakened a sleeping giant within you.
We are here to remind you once again — you summoned an unslayable dragon.
Anonymous is an idea.
This fight will go on as long as it has to.
The aim of this operation is digital.
Another cyber war trist, nothing more.
We are not violent.
We will release, to the global public, the identities of up to 1000 klan members, Ghoul Squad affiliates and other close associates of various factions of the Ku Klux Klan across the Unites States.
The hackers laid out an important message for the Klan:
You messed with our family and now we will mess with yours…
The Hacktivists suggest that you show your support by raising awareness of the new #OpKKK by sharing your thoughts about the hate group on Twitter and other social media – #WhiteGenocide is a great place to start – and help them take the #HoodsOff of Klansmen yet again.
Watch a video about the Klan fallout after the LAST #OpKKK, below:
[video=youtube;gOWhLwEJz6A]https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=gOWhLwEJz6A[/video]