This is a kind of interesting question, but I still can't figure out what I think about it. I've heard it argued (by a pastor, nonetheless) that religion is a sort of psychopathy towards God. Psychopaths essentially have no conscience or internal constraints that hold them to values which other people naturally have in common, but they
can become adept in social situations by paying hyper-attention to the details that they notice make other people appear trustworthy. It's then sort of a toss-up (though it's extremely common, because they get things out of it) whether or not they use this artificial trustworthiness to manipulate people and do all sorts of other mean things. From what I've heard, INFJs kind of attract people like this, so I probably don't need to say much more on it.
Similarly, the guy argued, religion (in the sense of holding to an authority or following rules without any internal conscience/intuition/stuff) is psychopathy towards God. He suggested that although a lot of people neither understand nor feel that it's true, they draw lines on which beliefs they think are necessary for his approval, and which actions must be followed, and twist the edges of their personality into alignment with it, just like a psychopath trying to learn to obey societal rules.
While I still don't know if I agree with him, I thought I'd throw the idea out there because it seems almost like what you're wondering about. There are also a few other things I've observed which have some relevance to your post.
When someone tells you that Jesus is the only path to salvation and you question what that is then you are questioning the authority of that persons leader (Jesus) and therefore it is a personal attack on that believer.
I think you're thinking about this in a weird way which makes them seem worse than they are. Since Christians today constantly stress a personal relationship with Jesus (which is a bit of a weird concept, developing a relationship with someone without current physical form, but let's let that slide for now), consider the ideal Christian, who is closer to Jesus than anyone else in the world. Then think about the things Jesus said--that nobody comes to God except through him, and the like. When you question Jesus' authority, you implicitly express mistrust in him--either that he was mistaken, or lying, or crazy, etc. Now if you just think about two very close friends on earth... old war buddies who had risked their lives for each other, or people who had known each other their whole lives and seen each other through rough times, etc.. and suppose you were friends with just one of them. That one suggested you go into business with the second, which you do. Supposing you neglected to sign contracts, or something, and began to worry whether or not he would pay you back. Your mutual friend says "this guy has stuck his neck out for me many times over the course of our life... I promise you he's a good guy and he'll split profits fairly." Expressing skepticism in that situation
is a little bit accusatory, on a feelings-level, because you're 1. suspicious of someone who may never have wronged a single person in his life, and 2. suspicious of your friend as well.
If there's one thing you can expect people to get angry at, it's thinking poorly of them and the things they value. I know at least that I've definitely left friends because I've heard them badmouthing mutual friends before. So it may be arrogance that they don't provide any reasonable debate.... but it may also be just a very defensive person's reaction to "unprovoked" attacks against someone they respect.
On the other hand: it's often ridiculous because there are, in everyone's life, times when they don't trust God. I can't actually think of a single Christian, at least, who doesn't know that God overlooked or overcame their mistrust and some point (and probably many points) in their lives. When they insist that you obey someone's authority
immediately, I have to question their reason for doing it. Ideally, it's because they believe that your belief is urgent, because if you died tomorrow without belief, you would go to hell. But if that were true, I think there's some implicit mistrust of God in that situation. Do they think God finds your objections so insignificant that he wouldn't respect them? The Psalms suggest otherwise. Does he read the mind (which is really the substance of what they're pushing for, when they say "believe X"--agree that it's true), or can he see into the heart where the deeper reasons lay?
These sorts of things always seem to come in sets of two, in my mind. One side begs understanding, because I know that so many objections against them are unfounded, or relate only to such a small subset that they're hardly worth rolling your eyes at, but the other side says that--although (like you mentioned) I can't say they're wrong--I really,
really think they're getting carried away by the various cultures they're a part of (their country's culture, their age group's culture, modernism/postmodernism culture, information age culture, etc), which blend together into the little unhealthy certainty which causes them to claim certain truth in the first place and then (reasonably) try to make other people adopt it.