[h=2]Criticism[/h][h=3]Proximity to civilians during warfare[/h]After
Operation Pillar of Defense, Human Rights Watch stated that Palestinian groups had endangered civilians by "repeatedly fired rockets from densely populated areas, near homes, businesses, and a hotel" and noted that under international law, parties to a conflict may not to place military targets in or near densely populated areas. One rocket was launched close to the Shawa and Housari Building, where various Palestinian and international media have offices; another was fired from the yard of a house near the Deira Hotel.[SUP]
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[SUP][unreliable source?][/SUP][SUP][277][/SUP][SUP][not in citation given][/SUP] Human Rights Watch said it had not been able to identify any instance where civilians had been warned to evacuate an area before a rocket launch by Palestinian militants.[SUP]
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[not in citation given][/SUP]
New York Times journalist
Steven Erlanger reported that "Hamas rocket and weapons caches, including rocket launchers, have been discovered in and under mosques, schools and civilian homes."[SUP]
[278][/SUP] Another report published by
Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center revealed that Hamas used close to 100 mosques to store weapons and as launch-pads to shoot rockets. The report contains testimony from variety Palestinian sources, including a Hamas militant Sabhi Majad Atar, who said he was taught how to shoot rockets from inside a mosque.[SUP]
[279][/SUP] Hamas has also been criticized by Israeli officials for blending into or hiding among the Palestinian civilian population During the
2008—2009 Israel—Gaza conflict.[SUP]
[280][/SUP] The Israeli government published what it said was video evidence of human shield tactics by Hamas.[SUP]
[281][/SUP] Israel said that Hamas frequently used mosques and school yards[SUP]
[282][/SUP] as hideouts and places to store weapons,[SUP]
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[284][/SUP] and that Hamas militants stored weapons in their homes, making it difficult to ensure that civilians close to
legitimate military targets are not hurt during Israeli military operations.[SUP]
[285][/SUP] Israeli officials also accused the Hamas leadership of hiding under
Shifa Hospital during the conflict, using the patients inside to deter an Israeli attack.[SUP]
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The Israeli government filed a report entitled "Gaza Operations Investigation: Second Update" to the United Nations accusing Hamas of exploiting its
rules of engagement by shooting rockets and launching attacks within protected civilian areas.[SUP]
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[288][/SUP][SUP]
[289][/SUP] Israel says 12,000 rockets and mortars were fired at it between 2000 and 2008–nearly 3,000 in 2008 alone.[SUP]
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In one case, an errant Israeli mortar strike killed dozens of people near a UN school. Hamas said that the mortar killed 42 people and left dozens wounded. Israel said that Hamas militants had launched a rocket from a yard adjacent to the school and one mortar of three rounds hit the school, due to a
GPS error. According to the Israeli military probe, the remaining two rounds hit the yard used to launch rockets into Israel, killing two members of Hamas' military wing who fired the rockets.[SUP]
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Human Right Watch called Hamas to "publicly renounce" the rocket attacks against Israeli civilians and hold those responsible to account. Human Right Watch program director Iain Levine said the attacks by Hamas were "unlawful and unjustifiable, and amount to war crimes", and accused Hamas of putting Palestinians at risk by launching attacks from built-up areas.[SUP]
[290][/SUP] Hamas spokesman relied that the report was "biased" and he denied that Hamas uses human shields.[SUP]
[290][/SUP]
Human Rights Watch investigated 19 incidents involving 53 civilian deaths in Gaza that Israel said were the result of Hamas fighting in densely populated areas and did not find evidence for existence of Palestinian fighters in the areas at the time of the Israeli attack. In other cases where no civilians had died, the report concluded that Hamas may have deliberately fired rockets from areas close to civilians.[SUP]
[292][/SUP] HRW also investigated 11 deaths that Israel said were civilians being used as human shields by Hamas. HRW found no evidence that the civilians were used as human shields, nor had they been shot in crossfire.[SUP]
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The Israeli 'human shields' charge against Hamas was called "full of holes" by
The National (UAE), which stated that only Israel accused Hamas of using human shields during the conflict, though Hamas "may be guilty" of "locating military objectives within or near densely populated areas" and for "deliberately firing indiscriminate weapons into civilian populated areas".[SUP]
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On July 8, 2014, Hamas' spokesman Sami Abu Zuhri encouraged the "policy of people confronting the Israeli warplanes with their bare chests", saying it has proven itself. [SUP]
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[h=3]Criticism of rocket and mortar attacks and the targeting of civilians[/h]Rocket attacks by Hamas have been condemned by Human rights organizations as
war crimes, both because they usually target civilians and because the weapons' inaccuracy would disproportionately endanger civilians even if military targets were chosen. After Operation Pillar of Defense,
Human Rights Watch stated that armed Palestinian groups fired hundreds of rockets at Israeli cities, violating international humanitarian law, and that statements by Palestinian groups that they deliberately targeted Israeli civilians demonstrated an "intent to commit war crimes". HRW's Middle East director Sarah Leah Whitson said that Palestinian groups made clear that "harming civilians was their aim" and said that the launching rockets at populated areas had no legal justification. International humanitarian law prohibits deliberate attacks on civilians and intentional violations can be war crimes.[SUP]
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In July 2008
Barack Obama, then the Democratic presidential candidate, said: "If somebody was sending rockets into my house, where my two daughters sleep at night, I'm going to do everything in my power to stop that, and I would expect Israelis to do the same thing."[SUP]
[296][/SUP] On December 28, 2008, Secretary of State
Condoleezza Rice said in a statement: "the United States strongly condemns the repeated rocket and mortar attacks against Israel."[SUP]
[297][/SUP] On March 2, 2009, Secretary of State
Hillary Clinton condemned the attacks.[SUP]
[298][/SUP]
The August 2, 2010
Rocket attacks on Eilat and Aqaba sparked rage in Egypt at Hamas and
Iran. The Egyptian press stated that the firing of the rockets from Egyptian territory by Hamas or by organizations cooperating with it constituted the crossing of a red line. The Egyptian position is that Iran is employing local proxies, such as Hamas, to escalate violence in the Middle East and to sabotage the Palestinian reconciliation efforts, as well as efforts to renew Palestinian-Israeli peace negotiations.[SUP]
[299][/SUP] Later that year, the Egyptian government daily
Al-Gumhouriyya also slammed Hamas's firing of "primitive" rockets at Israel that, according to the writer, serve only to prompt a deadly response from Israel. He blamed Hamas for turning the Gaza Strip into a "big prison" isolated from the world, where the residents suffer poverty while the leaders live in luxury.[SUP]
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